1) (The Great Dinosaur Rush!) Suppose you were writing a summary of the article. Which of these would be most important to put in the summary? a) Marsh and Cope made discovering prehistoric creatures into a competition. b) Dinosaurs and other prehistoric creatures have grown popular. c) Dinosaurs and plesiosaurs were alive during the same prehistoric period. d) Marsh and Cope had a bad effect on the crews at their fossil digs. 2) (The Great Dinosaur Rush!) Think about the article. Which happened first? a) Marsh and Cope hired crews to dig for fossils out west. b) Cope put a prehistoric sea reptile's skull on its tail by mistake. c) Marsh tried to cut off his enemy's government funding. d) Cope worked with a newspaper to tell how Marsh cheated. 3) (The Great Dinosaur Rush!) Think about the article. In what way were Cope and Marsh similar? a) They both made mistakes putting plesiosaur bones together. b) They both worked with newspapers to shame the other. c) They both died with very little money and few friends. d) They both tried to take fossil collections away from the other. 4) (The Great Dinosaur Rush!) Which is the closest synonym for the word feud, as it is used in the article? a) excitement b) answer c) help d) clash 5) (The Great Dinosaur Rush!) Suppose Rose wants to find out about the fossils Edward Drinker Cope discovered. Rose would find most of the information __________. a) on a website with drawings of prehistoric sea reptiles b) in a book about the work of famous paleontologists c) on a map of old government fossil digs d) in a book about the newest dinosaur species 6) (The Great Dinosaur Rush!) According to the article, why did Cope and Marsh blow up dig spots? a) They wanted to stop each other from claiming more fossils. b) They wanted to help each other find the most amazing fossils. c) They wanted to mark places where they did not find fossils. d) They wanted to dig up more fossils they had not seen yet. 7) (The Constitution's Balancing Act) Suppose you were writing a summary of the article. Which of these would be most important to put in the summary? a) The Constitution makes the U.S. Congress responsible for passing laws. b) The Constitution says the judicial branch can rule about the laws. c) The Constitution makes sure no one branch of government is too powerful. d) The Constitution says the president must nominate federal judges. 8) (The Constitution's Balancing Act) Think about the article. How are the legislative branch and the executive branch similar? a) They both have a say over the judicial branch. b) They are both able to nominate federal judges. c) They both have the power to make treaties. d) They are both able to go against a president's veto. 9) (The Constitution's Balancing Act) Which is the closest synonym for the word nominate, as it is used in the article? a) question b) serve c) choose d) teach 10) (The Constitution's Balancing Act) Which of these is an opinion? a) The Constitution has too many rules for the government to follow. b) The Constitution lets Congress make new laws. c) The Constitution lets Congress remove a president from office. d) The Constitution has several different Articles. 11) (The Constitution's Balancing Act) According to the article, why did the writers of the Constitution set up checks and balances? a) To make sure the U.S. was respected by other countries b) To make sure one part of government did not get too powerful c) To help the U.S. Congress pass laws more quickly d) To help the courts make better rulings about the laws 12) (The Constitution's Balancing Act) The article states:The branches of government constantly push and pull against each other. That's the separation of powers and the system of checks and balances doing their job. The Constitution contains these safeguards to keep the government from stepping on the freedoms of We the People.Which words from the passage help you understand the meaning of the word safeguards? a) keep the government from stepping on the freedoms b) branches of government c) constantly push and pull against each other d) doing their job 13) (Climbing With No Barriers) The article states:In November 2019, Erik Weihenmayer crawled along a mountain ridge. A cold wind howled around him. The mountaineer was trying to climb a punishing peak in the Himalayas. It had steep rock walls and icy ledges.The author's purpose for writing this passage was to __________. a) show that climbing is a pleasant way to enjoy nature b) present some challenges of climbing a mountain c) explain that climbing is a fairly easy sport for blind people d) share some useful tips about climbing a mountain 14) (Climbing With No Barriers) Which of these sentences states the main idea of the article? a) Weihenmayer joined a program as a teen to learn how to climb. b) Weihenmayer is the first blind climber to reach the top of the Seven Summits. c) Weihenmayer helped start the group No Barriers to support young people. d) Weihenmayer is a blind mountaineer who helps people face challenges. 15) (Climbing With No Barriers) Think about the article. Which did Weihenmayer do last? a) He helped start the group No Barriers. b) He reached the top of Mount Everest. c) He completed the Seven Summits. d) He traveled with others to Alaska. 16) (Climbing With No Barriers) According to the article, what caused Weihenmayer to discover he loved mountain climbing? a) He took a road trip to Alaska. b) He joined a club in his teens. c) He completed the Seven Summits. d) He started a group to help others. 17) (Climbing With No Barriers) Which passage from the article best supports the idea that Weihenmayer cares about helping people? a) Feeling down, he joined a climbing program for people who have trouble seeing. b) In November 2019, Erik Weihenmayer crawled along a mountain ridge. c) But Weihenmayer trusted his team of expert mountaineers. d) He makes a special point of encouraging young people. 18) (Climbing With No Barriers) Read this sentence from the article:The group's motto is simple: What's within you is stronger than what's in your way.In this sentence, the word motto means __________. a) a story about how a group was formed b) a rule that a group sometimes follows c) a saying about what a group believes d) a nickname that a group is known by 19) (A Really Great Wall) Based on the article, which fits best in the empty box above? a) The Great Wall is the most famous object in China. b) More businesses have been built near the Great Wall. c) Parts of China's Great Wall are breaking up. d) Experts have mapped new sections of the Great Wall. 20) (A Really Great Wall) The article talks mainly about __________. a) People who visit the Great Wall of China b) The people who built the Great Wall of China c) Hidden parts of the Great Wall of China d) Businesses near the Great Wall of China 21) (A Really Great Wall) The reader can tell from the article that __________. a) The Great Wall probably kept enemies away from China. b) The Great Wall will probably be sold to a business in China. c) The Mongols probably helped China build the Great Wall. d) Leaders in China will probably tear down the Great Wall. 22) (A Really Great Wall) Which part of the word repair must mean "to do again"? a) Pa b) Ir c) Re d) Ai 23) (A Really Great Wall) Suppose you were writing a summary of the article. Which of these would not be important to put in the summary? a) Scientists found some hidden sections of the Great Wall. b) China has been repairing parts of the Great Wall. c) Part of the Great Wall was built near some farms. d) The Great Wall is the most famous object in China. 24) (A Really Great Wall) Think about the article. Which happened third? a) The Ming Dynasty added sections to the Great Wall b) Rulers in China began building the Great Wall. c) The Chinese government began a study of the Great Wall. d) Scientists discovered new sections of the Great Wall. 25) (Remember Pearl Harbor) Suppose you were writing a summary of the article. Which of these would be least important to put in the summary? a) The U.S. declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941. b) The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was a complete surprise. c) Many American lives were lost, as were many military ships. d) Japan wanted to have more power in Asia and the Pacific. 26) (Remember Pearl Harbor) The article states:Eight battleships and many smaller vessels were floating in the calm waters. Sailors carried out the everyday duties of a Sunday morning in peacetime.Crew member Edwin Schuler was aboard the USS Phoenix. "The sun was shining beautifully," he said.The author's purpose for writing this passage was to __________. a) show the daily chores of the crew aboard the USS Phoenix b) show that December 7 was a normal, peaceful day until the attack c) tell how one can find beauty even during difficult times d) tell why everyday duties are a necessary part of life in the U.S. Navy 27) (Remember Pearl Harbor) Which passage from the article best supports the idea that the U.S. had not suspected an attack by Japan? a) All around the base, service members were raising the alarm: Pearl Harbor was under attack by Japanese forces. b) Every battleship had been sunk or damaged. A total of 188 aircraft were destroyed. c) In 2021, more than 50 Pearl Harbor veterans will return for the 80th anniversary. They will visit the USS Arizona Memorial. d) Americans knew that Japan wanted more power in Asia and the Pacific. But they believed Hawaii was too far away to become a target. 28) (Remember Pearl Harbor) According to the article, why were so many ships and planes destroyed in the attack on Pearl Harbor? a) The Japanese had more aircraft carriers than the U.S. Navy. b) America's battleships were all floating in calm waters. c) The U.S. government had not yet entered World War II. d) Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise to the U.S. military. 29) (Remember Pearl Harbor) Read this passage from the article:With that, the country had entered World War II.During that global struggle, the words "Remember Pearl Harbor" rallied support for the war.In this passage, the word global means __________. a) having to do with many countries b) located in the United States c) lasting for a short time d) happening at the end of a war 30) (Remember Pearl Harbor) Based on the article, the reader can tell that __________. a) the USS Arizona was repaired and returned to service during World War II b) the U.S. would have entered World War II even if the Japanese had not attacked Pearl Harbor c) the Japanese airplanes were more modern than American planes d) the U.S. was not prepared to fight back against a Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 31) (Milky Ways in the Making) Which of these is an opinion? a) The Milky Way is the most interesting galaxy. b) Scientists took photos with telescopes for nearly 100 hours. c) The Milky Way is home to a number of planets. d) Scientists discovered several young galaxies in 2007. 32) (Milky Ways in the Making) What is the main idea of this article? a) Young galaxies look like dim blobs. b) Scientists use telescopes to study galaxies. c) Scientists think our galaxy is "middle-aged." d) "Baby galaxies" help show how our galaxy grew. 33) (Milky Ways in the Making) Which question is not answered by the article? a) How many young galaxies were discovered? b) Why did scientists want to study the young galaxies? c) How many hours were the telescopes pointed at the sky? d) Who managed the big telescopes the scientists used? 34) (Milky Ways in the Making) The article states:Scientists were then able to demonstrate to others that their shot in the dark was well worth it. "We succeeded where many [scientists] had failed," Haenhelt said.Which is the closest synonym for the word demonstrate? a) write b) listen c) show d) exclaim 35) (Milky Ways in the Making) Which passage from the article best supports the idea that the 27 galaxies were young? a) Scientists found that the faint brightness meant that the galaxies were in an early stage of growth. b) The galaxy also contains as many as 400 billion stars, including our Sun. c) That's because of the Milky Way's shape, size, and the kinds of stars it has. d) It's difficult to know the age of a galaxy. 36) (Milky Ways in the Making) To take a risk is to take a __________. a) journey b) moment c) nap d) chance 37) (Congress: The Lawmakers) Suppose you were writing a summary of the article. Which of these would be most important to put in the summary? a) The House can vote to impeach government leaders. b) The Senate must approve people chosen by the president. c) Congress has the power to borrow money and declare war. d) Congress has two chambers that work together for citizens. 38) (Congress: The Lawmakers) Which of these is a fact? a) Representatives do not have time to help the citizens they represent. b) Senators have long enough terms to help the citizens they represent. c) Congress should not make laws about modern ways to travel. d) The Constitution gives some particular powers to Congress. 39) (Congress: The Lawmakers) The reader can tell from the article that __________. a) Congress was intended to connect people to the government b) the writers of the Constitution wanted Congress to pass bills easily c) Congress often passes bills into law without any problems d) the writers of the Constitution wanted Congress to have complete control 40) (Congress: The Lawmakers) Which is the closest antonym for the word veto, as it is used in the article? a) lose b) write c) question d) allow 41) (Congress: The Lawmakers) Which passage from the article best supports the idea that the writers of the Constitution thought Congress might need to address unknown problems in the future? a) Getting bills through Congress is often difficult. Bills must pass in both chambers before going to the president. b) The primary role of Congress is to introduce bills and vote on whether to make them laws. c) The judicial branch can strike down laws passed by Congress that go against the Constitution. d) The Constitution also gives Congress the power to make laws that are not listed. These laws often address the country's changing needs. 42) (Congress: The Lawmakers) Think about the article. How are the Senate and the House of Representatives similar? a) They both approve the president's choices of helpers. b) They both have the same number of members. c) They both have the power to introduce tax bills. d) They both pass laws that address the country's needs. 43) (Pluto: Full of Surprises) Based on the article, which fits best in the empty box above? a) Scientists were surprised by what the New Horizons spacecraft helped them learn about Pluto. b) Scientists compared the age of the ice flows on Pluto with the age of the solar system. c) Scientists learned that Pluto has mountain ranges as high as 11,000 feet (3,500 meters). d) Scientists found that some of Pluto's ice had emptied into large impact craters. 44) (Pluto: Full of Surprises) Think about the article. Which happened first? a) A mountain range on Pluto was named for Tenzing Norgay. b) Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary climbed Mount Everest. c) NASA sent its New Horizons spacecraft on its way to Pluto. d) Alan Stern looked at data and photos sent from New Horizons. 45) (Pluto: Full of Surprises) Which of these could not be included in the data sent from Pluto? a) Drawings b) Photographs c) Measurements d) Numbers 46) (Pluto: Full of Surprises) The reader can tell from the article that __________. a) Scientists are planning to figure out a way to remove the haze from Pluto's atmosphere. b) Scientists are not willing to wait a year to get all of the data about Pluto from New Horizons. c) Scientists are not as interested in Pluto as they are in the non-dwarf planets in our solar system. d) Scientists are looking forward to seeing the images of Pluto that will reach Earth in 2016. 47) (Pluto: Full of Surprises) Clive wants to read more about Pluto. He would find most of the information __________. a) In a book about Sir Edmund Hillary b) In a book about living in Washington, D.C. c) In a book about NASA's spacecraft d) In a book about our solar system 48) (Pluto: Full of Surprises) The article states:"There are some pretty mind-blowing discoveries," exclaimed Stern.Which would be the closest synonym for the word exclaim, as it is used above? a) Defend b) Define c) Demand d) Declare

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