1) Who was the first caliph after Muhammad's death? a) Uthman b) Ali c) Abu-Bakr d) Muawiya 2) What title does "caliph" mean? a) Leader b) Deputy c) Successor d) All of the above 3) What term is used to describe the first four caliphs who were companions of Muhammad? a) Righteous Caliphs b) Guiding Caliphs c) Rightly Guided Caliphs d) Holy Caliphs 4) Which of the following accurately describes the concept of "jihad"? a) Inner spiritual struggle b) Armed struggle against unbelievers c) Both a and b d) None of the above 5) Under whose leadership did Muslim armies conquer Syria and lower Egypt? a) Uthman b) Ali c) Abu-Bakr d) Umar 6) What was one reason for the success of Muslim armies mentioned in the text? a) Weakness of neighboring empires b) Lack of disciplined soldiers c) Lack of strategic planning d) Both a and b 7) Which group was given special consideration and allowed to practice their religion after being conquered by Muslims? a) Christians b) Jews c) Both a and b d) None of the above 8) What event led to the downfall of the Umayyad caliphate? a) Assassination of Uthman b) Assassination of Ali c) Civil war in 656 d) Overthrow by rebel groups in 750 9) What term refers to followers of the branch of Islam that accepts the leadership of the Umayyads? a) Sunni b) Shi’a c) Sufi d) Fatimid 10) Who established an Umayyad caliphate in Spain? a) Uthman b) Ali c) Abd al-Rahman d) Muawiya 11) What city became the capital of the Abbasid empire? a) Damascus b) Baghdad c) Cairo d) Cordoba 12) What financial instrument facilitated trade by allowing merchants to exchange them for cash in different cities? a) Checks b) Sakks c) Dinars d) None of the above 13) Which group of Muslims claimed descent from Muhammad's daughter Fatima and formed their own caliphate? a) Abbasids b) Umayyads c) Fatimids d) Almohads 14) What sea-trading networks allowed the Muslim empire to engage in trade with the rest of the world? a) Atlantic Sea and Pacific Ocean b) Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean c) Red Sea and Arabian Sea d) Baltic Sea and North Sea 15) What was the population of Cordoba in the tenth century? a) 200,000 b) 38,000 c) 500,000 d) 100,000

Islam expands 2

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