1) Democracy a) the King of France from 1643 to 1715, known for his long and powerful reign during which he centralized power and symbolized absolute monarchy. b) A form of government where a single ruler, usually a hereditary monarch, holds absolute and centralized authority with no checks or balances. c) A system of government in which power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives. 2) Absolute Monarchy a) the King of France from 1643 to 1715, known for his long and powerful reign during which he centralized power and symbolized absolute monarchy. b) A form of government where a single ruler, usually a hereditary monarch, holds absolute and centralized authority with no checks or balances. c) A system of government in which power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives. 3) Louis XVI a) the King of France from 1774 to 1792, facing significant challenges during his reign, including economic difficulties and the French Revolution. b) The Queen of France, married to Louis XVI. She was born in Austria and became unpopular among the French people, facing criticism for her extravagant lifestyle. c) Disparities or differences, especially regarding social, economic, or political conditions, often implying unfairness or injustice. 4) Inequalities a) the King of France from 1774 to 1792, facing significant challenges during his reign, including economic difficulties and the French Revolution. b) The Queen of France, married to Louis XVI. She was born in Austria and became unpopular among the French people, facing criticism for her extravagant lifestyle. c) Disparities or differences, especially regarding social, economic, or political conditions, often implying unfairness or injustice. 5) Enlightenment Ideas a) A theoretical agreement among individuals by which organized society is brought into being, often associated with Enlightenment thinkers like Rousseau. b) Intellectual and philosophical movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, science, individual rights, and skepticism toward traditional authority. c) The right to express one's opinions and ideas freely without censorship, interference, or punishment. 6) Social Contract a) A theoretical agreement among individuals by which organized society is brought into being, often associated with Enlightenment thinkers like Rousseau. b) Intellectual and philosophical movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, science, individual rights, and skepticism toward traditional authority. c) The right to express one's opinions and ideas freely without censorship, interference, or punishment. 7) Freedom of Speech a) A theoretical agreement among individuals by which organized society is brought into being, often associated with Enlightenment thinkers like Rousseau. b) Intellectual and philosophical movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, science, individual rights, and skepticism toward traditional authority. c) The right to express one's opinions and ideas freely without censorship, interference, or punishment. 8) American Revolution a) Periods of agricultural productivity decline resulting in insufficient or low-quality crops. b) The struggle of thirteen American colonies against British rule, leading to the establishment of the United States of America as an independent nation. c) A representative assembly in France, consisting of representatives from the clergy, nobility, and commoners. It was called to address fiscal issues. 9) Estates-General a) Periods of agricultural productivity decline resulting in insufficient or low-quality crops. b) The struggle of thirteen American colonies against British rule, leading to the establishment of the United States of America as an independent nation. c) A representative assembly in France, consisting of representatives from the clergy, nobility, and commoners. It was called to address fiscal issues. 10) Poor Harvests a) Periods of agricultural productivity decline resulting in insufficient or low-quality crops. b) The struggle of thirteen American colonies against British rule, leading to the establishment of the United States of America as an independent nation. c) A representative assembly in France, consisting of representatives from the clergy, nobility, and commoners. It was called to address fiscal issues. 11) National Assembly a) A revolutionary assembly formed by representatives of the Third Estate (commoners) after leaving the Estates-General during the French Revolution. b) A fortress and state prison in Paris, stormed by Parisians on July 14, 1789, symbolizing the start of the French Revolution. c) Changes or improvements made to a system or institution in order to correct perceived faults or shortcomings. 12) Bastille a) A revolutionary assembly formed by representatives of the Third Estate (commoners) after leaving the Estates-General during the French Revolution. b) A fortress and state prison in Paris, stormed by Parisians on July 14, 1789, symbolizing the start of the French Revolution. c) Changes or improvements made to a system or institution in order to correct perceived faults or shortcomings. 13) Guillotine a) a machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading people. b) A fortress and state prison in Paris, stormed by Parisians on July 14, 1789, symbolizing the start of the French Revolution. c) Changes or improvements made to a system or institution in order to correct perceived faults or shortcomings. 14) Reforms a) a machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading people. b) A fortress and state prison in Paris, stormed by Parisians on July 14, 1789, symbolizing the start of the French Revolution. c) Changes or improvements made to a system or institution in order to correct perceived faults or shortcomings.

French Revolution 4

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