1) Father of Geology a) A. Charles Darwin  b) B. James Hutton c) C. Alfred Wegener 2) Biosphere: all life on Earth; _____: protection blanket of the Earth. a) A. Geosphere b) B. Hydrosphere c) C. Atmosphere 3) The uppermost crust layer; consist of the Continental crust which is thick, less dense, and granitic. a) A. SiAl Layer b) B. SiMa Layer c) C. Mohorovicic Discontinuity 4) The lower crust; consist of the Oceanic crust which is thin, denser, and basaltic. a) A. SiAl Layer b) B. SiMa Layer c) C. Mohorovicic Discontinuity 5) _____ separates the crust and the upper mantle. a) A. SiAl Layer b) B. SiMa Layer c) C. Mohorovicic Discontinuity 6) The largest layer of the Earth that is composed of semi-fluid material and solid rock. a) A. Crust b) B. Mantle c) C. Core 7) Mantle consists ___ of the total mass of the Earth. a) A. 15% b) B. 46% c) C. 72% d) D. 80% 8) Plays a role in Earth's heat budget and heat transfer. a) A. Crust b) B. Mantle c) C. Core 9) The dominant rock type in the uppermost mantle; richer in the metal's magnesium, iron, silicon, and oxygen. a) A. SiAl Layer b) B. Ferromagnesian silicate c) C. Peridotite 10) What is the core made up of? a) A. Silicon and magnesium  b) B. Iron and nickel c) C. Iron and magnesium 11) _____: high temperature and low pressure; _____: high temperature and high pressure a) A. Outer core, Inner core  b) B. Inner core, Outer core c) C. Inner core, Inner core 12) Contributes to the Earth's overall rigidity. a) A. Crust b) B. Inner core c) C. Outer Core 13) Gutenberg Discontinuity: separates mantle and core; ______: separates outer core and inner core a) A. Lehmann discontinuity  b) B. Mohorovicic discontinuity c) C. Movi discontinuity 14) Generates the Earth's magnetic field; electric conductor. a) A. Crust b) B. Inner core c) C. Outer Core 15) Solid layer above the asthenosphere that provides a rigid layer for the movement of tectonic plates. a) A. Lithosphere b) B. Asthenosphere c) C. Mesosphere 16) Upper part of the mantle that facilitates the movement of the tectonic plates. a) A. Lithosphere b) B. Asthenosphere c) C. Mesosphere 17) Lower part of the mantle and contributes to the convection current. a) A. Lithosphere b) B. Asthenosphere c) C. Mesosphere 18) Pangaea (all land) rifted about ___ million years ago. a) A. 100 b) B. 150 c) C. 200 d) D. 250 19) Who proposed the Continental Drift Theory? a) A. Charles Darwin  b) B. James Hutton c) C. Alfred Wegener 20) A fresh-water organism that was used as basis that supports the Continental Drift Theory. a) A. Walrus  b) B. Mesosaurus c) C. Blue whale 21) The following are the evidences that support the Continental Drift Theory, EXCEPT: a) A. Biological evidence  b) B. Continuity of geologic features c) C. Glacial evidence d) D. Distribution of different species 22) Famous mid-ocean ridge. a) A. Mid-Atlantic Ridge b) B. San Andreas c) C. Eurasian Ridge 23) It is where the MOST ACTIVE, RESTLESS PARTS of the Earth's crust are located. a) A. Tectonic plates b) B. Plate boundaries c) C. Plate tectonics 24) It is where plates slide horizontally past one another and is the cause of earthquakes. a) A. Divergent boundary  b) B. Convergent boundary c) C. Transform boundary 25) Oceanic + Continental = ________ a) A. Subduction zone b) B. Collision zone c) C. Convergent zone 26) Continental + Continental= ________ a) A. Subduction zone b) B. Collision zone c) C. Convergent zone 27) Example of the result of subduction zone. a) A. Mariana Trench b) B. Mountain ranges c) C. San Andreas Fault 28) Example of the result of collision zone. a) A. Mariana Trench b) B. Mountain ranges c) C. San Andreas Fault 29) Example of the result of transform boundary. a) A. Mariana Trench b) B. Mountain ranges c) C. San Andreas Fault 30) Stress: force that tends to compress or deform a rock; _____: the adjustment to stress. a) A. Strain b) B. Faulting c) C. Folding 31) Bends in layered bedrock a) A. Strain b) B. Faulting c) C. Folding 32) Fractures or zones of weakness in the Earth's crust. a) A. Strain b) B. Faulting c) C. Folding 33) _____:an arc-shaped fold; _____a through-shaped fold. a) A. Anticline, Syncline b) B. Syncline, Anticline c) C. Syncline, Syncline 34) A naturally occurring, inorganic solid element or compound with a crystalline structure. a) A. Rocks b) B. Minerals c) C. Sediments 35) Mineral has _____ chemical composition and _____ physical properties. a) A. distinctive, definite b) B. definite, definite c) C. definite, distinctive 36) The following are minerals with perfect cleavage, EXCEPT: a) A. Fluorite  b) B. Calcite c) C. Talc d) D. Barite 37) Hardness: ability to resist scratches; _____: tendency to break along smooth planes. a) A. Cleavage b) B. Fracture c) C. Color d) D. Streak 38) The way the mineral breaks. a) A. Cleavage b) B. Fracture c) C. Color d) D. Streak 39) Reflected wavelengths of light. a) A. Cleavage b) B. Fracture c) C. Color d) D. Streak 40) Color of the powder of the mineral; and is more reliable than color. a) A. Cleavage b) B. Fracture c) C. Color d) D. Streak 41) Surface appearance in reflected light. a) A. Cleavage b) B. Luster c) C. Color 42) Ratio of sample weight to that of water. a) A. Specific gravity  b) B. Mass c) C. Color d) D. Streak 43) Rocks formed from a hot, molten mass of melted rock materials. a) A. Igneous b) B. Metamorphic c) C. Sedimentary 44) Rocks that formed from particles or dissolved materials from previously existing rocks. a) A. Igneous b) B. Metamorphic c) C. Sedimentary 45) Previously existing rocks that have been changed by heat, pressure, or hot solutions into a distinctly different rock. a) A. Igneous b) B. Metamorphic c) C. Sedimentary 46) Most common extrusive rock that is fine-grained. a) A. Basalt b) B. Granite c) C. Limestone 47) Most common intrusive rock that is coarse-grained a) A. Basalt b) B. Granite c) C. Limestone 48) Chemical: dissolved rock materials; ______: weathered rock fragments. a) A. Clastic b) B. Detrital c) C. Both A and B 49) Made from the largest of the clastic sediments, boulders and gravel. a) A. Conglomerate b) B. Sandstone c) C. Breccia d) D. Both a and c 50) Conglomerate: rounded; Breccia: _____ a) A. spherical  b) B. angular c) C. flat 51) From the smallest clastic sediments and becomes SHALE if it breaks along planes into flat pieces. a) A. Conglomerate b) B. Claystone c) C. Siltstone d) D. Both B and C 52) A process of pressure from a depth of overlying sediments squeezing the deeper sediments together and squeezing the water out. a) A. Compaction b) B. Cementation c) C. Lithification 53) A process by which spaces between buried sediment particles under compaction are filled with binding chemical deposits. a) A. Compaction b) B. Cementation c) C. Lithification 54) _____ is a change brought about primarily by heat, with very little pressure involved. a) A. Contact metamorphism  b) B. Regional metamorphism c) C. Both a and b 55) Affects extremely vast areas and usually have a squashed, or foliated appearance. a) A. Contact metamorphism  b) B. Regional metamorphism c) C. Both a and b 56) The starting point of the processes occurring in a rock cycle. a) A. Igneous rock b) B. Metamorphic rock c) C. Sedimentary rock 57) Process of breaking down rock on or near the Earth's surface. a) A. Weathering b) B. Erosion c) C. Faulting 58) A wedging effect that occurs from repeated cycles of water freezing and thawing. a) A. Frost wedging b) B. Exfoliation c) C. Root penetration 59) Also called "Onion skin weathering"; spalling off of layers of rock. a) A. Frost wedging b) B. Exfoliation c) C. Root penetration 60) Powerful tree roots grow in rock fractures. a) A. Frost wedging b) B. Exfoliation c) C. Root penetration 61) A reaction between oxygen and the minerals making up rocks; forms RUST. a) A. Oxidation b) B. Carbonation c) C. Hydration 62) A reaction between carbonic acid and minerals making up rocks; produces CAVES. a) A. Oxidation b) B. Carbonation c) C. Hydration 63) Dissolving or combining of a mineral with water; forms clay minerals. a) A. Oxidation b) B. Carbonation c) C. Hydration 64) Transport of weathered materials. a) A. Weathering b) B. Erosion c) C. Exfoliation 65) ________ states that the natural laws we know today have been constant over the geologic past ("The present is the key to the past"). a) A. Uniformitarianism  b) B. Relative Dating c) C. Radiometric Dating 66) It is obtained when rocks and geologic events that they record are placed in chronological order without regard to actual dates. a) A. Uniformitarianism  b) B. Relative Dating c) C. Radiometric Dating 67) It estimates the ACTUAL age of a rock which entails measuring the ratio of radioactive isotopes to their decay products. a) A. Uniformitarianism  b) B. Relative Dating c) C. Radiometric Dating 68) Dates organic remains by measuring the amount of 14°C in an ancient sample and comparing it with the amount in present-day organic matter. a) A. Carbon-14 Dating b) B. Relative Dating c) C. Radiometric Dating 69) Is used for dating older rocks (Pb206- stable form). a) A. Carbon-14 Dating b) B. Uranium 238 Dating c) C. Radiometric Dating 70) Used to measure the layering of the atmosphere. a) A. Thickness difference  b) B. Gaseous difference c) C. Temperature difference 71) It is where weather occurs and contains 90% of the atmosphere's mass. a) A. Troposphere b) B. Stratosphere c) C. Mesosphere 72) It is where the Ozone layer is located and it is where airplanes fly. It is stratified because temperature increases with height. a) A. Troposphere b) B. Stratosphere c) C. Mesosphere 73) It is the coldest region of the atmosphere and it is where meteorites burned up. a) A. Troposphere b) B. Stratosphere c) C. Mesosphere 74) it contains very little air and it is where Aurora Borealis can be seen. a) A. Thermosphere  b) B. Ionosphere c) C. Exosphere 75) It is where radio waves transmitted from the Earth's surface are reflected to the Earth. a) A. Thermosphere  b) B. Ionosphere c) C. Exosphere 76) It is the transition to space where satellites are located; it gradually yields to the radiation belt and magnetic fields or interplanetary space. a) A. Thermosphere  b) B. Ionosphere c) C. Exosphere 77) A horizontal movement of air. a) A. Oxygen b) B. Air c) C. Wind 78) It plays in redistributing heat around the globe. a) A. Oxygen b) B. Air c) C. Wind 79) Psychometer/Hydrometer: measure relative humidity; _____: measure altitude a) A. Barometer b) B. Altimeter/Sextant c) C. Compass 80) Air moving from sea to the land: ________; Air moving from land to the sea: ________ a) A. Land breeze, Sea Breeze b) B. Sea breeze, Land breeze c) C. Land breeze, Land breeze 81) Buoyant masses of visible water droplets or ice crystals. a) A. Wind b) B. Precipitation  c) C. Clouds 82) Which type of cloud is incorrectly paired? a) A. Cirrus - curl, wispy b) B. Cumulus - heap, rounded c) C. Stratus - layer, stratified d) D. Nimbus - small storm cloud 83) The major source of freshwater; water that returns to the surface of Earth (ligiid or solid form). a) A. Wind b) B. Precipitation c) C. Clouds 84) Formed by atmospheric water vapor condensing on various surfaces. a) A. Frost  b) B. Dew c) C. Sleet 85) Saltwater: ______; Freshwater: ______ a) A. 72%, 28% b) B. 80%, 20% c) C. 97.2%, 3% 86) River: multiple streams merge; ______: land area drained by a stream a) A. Watershed b) B. Pond c) C. Lakes d) D. Reservoir 87) It determines the ground's capacity to store water (Ex. Sandstone). a) A. Porosity b) B. Permeability c) C. Malleability 88) A material's capacity to transmit fluids. (Ex. Sand and Gravel). a) A. Porosity b) B. Permeability c) C. Malleability 89) Unsaturated zone above the water table. The pores of the soil and rocks are partially filled with air; it allows water and air to flow. a) A. Zone of aeration b) B. Water table c) C. Zone of saturation 90) The upper boundary of the zone of saturation. a) A. Zone of aeration b) B. Water table c) C. Zone of saturation 91) It is where all the voids are saturated with groundwater, forming a reservoir. a) A. Zone of aeration b) B. Water table c) C. Zone of saturation 92) Amount dissolved in seawater; the mass of salts dissolved in 1000 grams of seawater. a) A. Composition b) B. Salinity c) C. Porosity 93) What is/are the factor/s contributing to the increase in salinity? a) A. Evaporation  b) B. Formation of sea ice c) C. Precipitation d) D. Both A and B 94) The following are the factors for the decreased salinity of seawater, EXCEPT: a) A. Evaporation  b) B. Heavy precipitation c) C. Melting of ice d) D. Addition of freshwater from rivers 95) Frozen rain; small ice pellets. a) A. Sleet b) B. Hail c) C. Snow d) D. Rain 96) Large ice pellets that result from successive vertical descents and ascents in vigorous convection cycles with thunderstorms. a) A. Sleet b) B. Hail c) C. Snow d) D. Rain 97) If the dew point is below 0°C, the water vapor freezes upon condensing. a) A. Sleet b) B. Hail c) C. Snow d) D. Rain 98) What percent of the Earth's atmosphere is Nitrogen? a) A. 74% b) B. 76% c) C. 78% d) D. 80% 99) The most common form of precipitation. a) A. Sleet b) B. Hail c) C. Snow d) D. Rain 100) What is used to measure altitude? a) A. Sextant b) B. Hydrometer c) C. Altimeter d) D. Either A or C

EARTH SCIENCE

by
Print
Embed

Leaderboard

Visual style

Options

Switch template

Continue editing: ?