1) From WEST to EAST, the major geographic features of the United States are the a) Rocky Mountains → Great Plains → Mississippi River → Appalachian Mountains b) Great Plains → Mississippi River → Rocky Mountains → Appalachian Mountains c) Rocky Mountains → Great Plains → Appalachian Mountains → Mississippi River d) Mississippi River → Appalachian Mountains → Great Plains → Rocky Mountains 2) Which document is considered a primary source? a) a textbook account of the American Revolution b) a personal diary kept by a person who works in a sweatshop c) an encyclopedia article about the Reconstruction Period d) a biography of the life of John D. Rockefeller 3) Which of these examples is a secondary source of information about industrialization? a) diary of a factory worker b) photograph of a child working in a factory c) letter written by an immigrant textile worker d) textbook chapter about Andrew Carnegie 4) Which situation provides the best evidence that the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) adapted to their physical environment? a) living in longhouses made of wood and bark b) speaking a language different from that of their neighbors c) developing an alliance with the Algonquins d) including women in the governing process 5) With which field of study are the terms artifact, carbon dating, and dig site associated? a) archeology b) economics c) civics d) sociology 6) What is the primary method archaeologists use to study history? a) reading diaries of a given group b) examining artifacts of a specific people c) observing people in their natural environment d) practicing local customs of people 7) The buffalo was the primary source of food, shelter, clothing, and tools for Native American Indians of the a) Southeast b) Pacific Coast c) Eastern Woodlands d) Great Plains 8) Which action toward Native American Indians did the United States government take between 1820 and 1900? a) paying Native American Indians a fair price for their land b) passing a law giving all Native American Indians United States citizenship c) encouraging Native American Indians to take jobs in factories d) removing Native American Indians from their tribal lands and placing them on reservations 9) Many Americans justified westward expansion during the 1840s based on a) a belief in Manifest Destiny b) a need to preserve the natural environment c) the authority of the Monroe Doctrine d) the constitutional principles in the Bill of Rights 10) During the late 1840s, thousands of people were attracted to California to a) fight in the Mexican War b) help build railroads c) search for gold d) obtain good farmland 11) Which statement is most clearly supported by information on the map? a) Most cattle were driven from east to west b) Most mining areas were located near coastlines c) Cattle trails were used to bring herds to market d) Many railroads connected Mexico and Canada 12) How did the Homestead Act encourage people to move west? a) It set up reservations for freed African Americans b) It offered 160 acres of land for free to those willing to farm it for 5 years c) It offered land to gold prospectors d) It promised protection from Native Americans 13) During the late 1800s, barbed wire fences and sod houses were most likely found a) on the Great Plains b) in the deep South c) along the Great Lakes d) in the Pacific Northwest 14) Which conclusion is supported by the information on the graph? a) Canals transport good faster than railraods b) Building railroads is more expensive than building canals. c) Railroad mileage increased faster than canal mileage d) Businesses preferred shipping goods by canal 15) The "trigger" industry that jump started the Industrial Revolution in the United States was a) steel b) oil c) bank d) railroads 16) In the years immediately following the Civil War, which change was brought about by the Industrial Revolution? a) More goods were made at home b) More people left cities to live on farms c) More government regulation was placed on big business. d) More machinery was used to make goods 17) John D. Rockefeller was a leader in which of the following industries? a) oil b) steel c) railroad d) banking 18) According to the law of supply and demand, a high supply with a low demand results in a) lower tariffs b) lower prices c) higher taxes d) higher interest rates 19) What is the main economic system of the United States? a) mercantilism b) communism c) socialism d) capitalism 20) One way a business can raise capital is by becoming a a) trust b) corporation c) monopoly d) subsidy 21) One advantage that corporations of the late 1800s had over individually-owned businesses is that corporations a) needed fewer employees b) hired only skilled workers c) received the support of labor unions d) had stockholders who invested money 22) A monopoly exists is a producer has a) control of an entire industry b) goods assembled in other countries c) competition from other producers d) business in related industries 23) A trust exists when two or more companies a) compete with one another b) love each other c) agree not to compete and share a Board of Directors d) try to force each other out of business 24) The purpose of both monopolies and trusts is to increase a) profits b) competition c) interest rates d) worker salaries 25) The part of a business that the public can purchase is called a a) dividend b) share of stock c) monopoly d) trust 26) “Transportation Costs Rise as Gasoline Prices Reach Record High” “Unemployment Rate Drops 1.5% in Upstate New York” “Threat of Recession Leads to Budget Cuts” Which social scientist would most likely study the information reported in these headlines?  a) psychologist b) archeologist c) economist d) geographer 27) Which of the following inventions were developed by Thomas Edison? a) typewriter, shaving razor, parking meter b) vacuum cleaner, cash register, zipper c) motion picture projector, phonograph, light bulb d) nylon, machine gun, air brake 28) A major goal of the Sherman Antitrust Act was to a) prevent the formation of business monopolies b) limit imports from foreign nations c) set fair prices for manufactured goods d) protect consumers from dangerous products 29) Base your answers to questions 29-30 on the statements below. Speaker 1- "Trusts and monopolies reduce competition and provide businessmen with no reason to lower prices or improve the quality of their goods and services ."  Speaker 2- "Big business, trusts and monopolies provide workers with thousands of jobs. The government should not pass laws or interfere with big business. Politicians should continue to follow a 'Laissez-faire' policy towards regulating big business." Speaker 3- "The government should own the railroads and pass laws to limit the power and influence of big business. The gap between rich and poor is already too big." 29. Which speaker(s) would most likely oppose laws designed to break up trusts (anti-trust acts)? a) Speaker 2 b) Speakers 1 and 3 c) Speaker 1 d) Speaker 2 and 3 30) Which people would support statements made by Speaker 2? a) Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse b) Sacajawea Pocohontas c) Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell d) Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller 31) Which event led to the passage of laws that created safer working conditions? a) Haymarket riot b) Pullman Strike c) Triangle Shirtwaist fire d) breakup of the Standard Oil Company 32) Which of the following resulted from the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? a) Courts recognized the legal rights of workers to strike. b) Several states passed laws protecting factory workers c) Most women working in factories became union members. d) Labor unions began accepting African Americans and immigrants 33) A strike is when workers a) are locked out of their factories b) refuse to buy a certain product c) walk off their jobs d) are fired because of their age 34) When people refuse to buy a particular product they are participating in a a) blacklist b) slow down c) lock out d) boycott 35) When labor and management try to negotiate a new contract, they are participating in a) mediation b) collective bargaining c) fact finding d) impasse 36) Neighborhood centers, in poor areas, staffed by professionals and volunteers who offered food, clothing, shelter, and education were called a) settlement houses b) assimilation houses c) safe houses d) youth centers 37) Base your answers to questions 37-38 on the poem below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . “Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!” cries she With silent lips. “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost [tossed] to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!” — Emma Lazarus, “The New Colossus” In this poem, the phrase “homeless, tempesttost” refers to a) soldiers b) immigrants c) survivors of a shipwreck d) unemployed workers 38) This poem is found on which national landmark? a) Plymouth Rock b) Lincoln Memorial c) Statue of Liberty d) Independence Hall 39) In 1892, the United States government opened Ellis Island primarily to a) process immigrants arriving from overseas b) defend New York City from attack c) check the safety of imported products d) serve as the first federal prison in New York State 40) A severe shortage of food is called a a) deficit b) recession c) surplus d) famine 41) Most immigrants who came to the United States in the late 1800s found these types of jobs a) skilled and high paying b) unskilled and high paying c) skilled and low paying d) unskilled and low paying 42) Sanitation is a concern of a) wealth b) health c) exploration d) development 43) A tenement is a kind of a) farming b) quota c) sanitation d) housing 44) In the period from 1890 to 1910, most immigrants from eastern and southern Europe settled in large cities of the eastern United States primarily because a) farmland had become very score b) factory jobs were available for unskilled workers c) there was much less discrimination in those cities d) they came mainly from large cities in their home countries 45) During the period 1840-1920, from which area did the largest number of immigrants come to the United States? a) Asia b) Canada c) Germany d) Great Britain and Ireland 46) Based on the information in this graph, why did immigration increase rapidly between 1895 and 1905? a) Railroad construction created jobs for immigrants b) Cheap land prices in the West attracted immigrant farmers c) Industrial growth provided factory jobs for immigrants d) World War 1 caused immigrants to flee Europe 47) A muckraker was a writer or journalist who a) supported monopolies b) opposed the growth of labor unions c) encouraged an end to slavery d) exposed corruption in government and business 48) Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair are considered muckrakers because they a) established a new political party b) exposed corruption and abuses in society c) organized labor unions d) drew cartoons to criticize politicians 49) The 1906 publication of Upton Sinclair's book The Jungle helped to expose the a) unfair treatment of women b) cruelty of modern warfare c) unsafe living conditions in tenements d) unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry 50) According to this cartoonist, what is President Theodore Roosevelt's policy toward trusts? a) Good trusts must be destroyed b) Good trusts must be controlled; bad trusts broken up c) Trusts must use their resources to protect the environment d) Only bad trusts should be regulated 51) Which document would be a primary source for the study of Prohibition? a) an American Federation of Labor pamphlet written in 1952 b) Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin c) a speech by President Herbert Hoover on the Good Neighbor policy d) a letter to the editor written in 1918 describing the dangers of alcohol 52) During the late 1800s and early 1900s, one way in which the temperance movement and the woman's suffrage movement were similar is that both tried to a) protect the rights of factory workers b) reduce the power of big business c) end protective tariffs to aid consumers d) achieve reform by supporting a constitutional amendment 53) In the late 1800s, the United States became an imperialist nation when it a) acquired overseas territories b) declared its neutrality c) formed military alliances d) reduced trade with other nations 54) The goal of the Open Door policy of the United States was to a) establish military control of Latin America b) protect United States trading rights in China c) encourage Japanese immigration to the United States d) allow for free trade with the Philippines 55) Yellow journalism was used by newspapers in the 1890s to a) influence public opinion b) promote peace in cuba c) overturn a presidential election d) support an isolationist foreign policy 56) What was the immediate cause of the outbreak of World War I? a) formation of secret alliances b) competition over Asian and African colonies c) accumulation of arms and weaopns d) The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie or Austria-Hungary 57) Which set of events related to World War I is in the correct chronological order? a) Lusitania sunk→ World War I begins → United States declares war on Germany → Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated b) Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated → World War I begins → Lusitania sunk→ United States declares war on Germany c) Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated → United States declares war on Germany → Lusitania sunk→ World War I begins d) United States declares war on Germany → Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated → World War I begins → Lusitania sunk 58) Which country warned international travelers with this newspaper notice? a) Canada b) Germany c) Great Britain d) United States 59) Which document contains President Woodrow Wilson's call to create the League of Nations? a) Zimmerman Telegraph b) Atlantic Charter c) Fourteen Points d) Kellogg-Briand Pact 60) Which event happened shortly after this newspaper notice first appeared? a) World War I broke out in Europe b) The United States declared war on Germany c) The Allies won a final victory over the Central Powers d) The Lusitania was sunk off the coast of Ireland 61) President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points was a plan to a) acquire European colonies b) control European Trade c) prevent future wars d) limit imports to the United States 62) President Woodrow Wilson, in his Fourteen Points, proposed the establishment of a) a militia to protect western nations b) a League of Nations c) a Triple Alliance d) an army to occupy the defeated countries 63) a "return to normalcy" after World War I meant a) increased United States involvement in Europe b) no longer selling liquor in the United States c) going back to life as it had been before the war d) restoring a Democratic president to power 64) Which title best completes this graphic organizer? a) Gilded Age b) Reconstruction Era c) Roaring Twenties d) Progressive Era 65) Which statement is an opinion about the United States in the 1920s? a) The United States became a more urban society. b) Industrial working conditions and wages improved. c) Women increased their presence in the workforce. d) The 1920s were the wildest times of the 1900s. 66) Mass production is a term that can best be defined as the a) number of hours employees are required to work b) manufacture of large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply c) profit made by a large business or corporation d) formation of a business monopoly 67) What was one main reason for the rise of organized crime during the 1920s? a) More people were living in rural areas. b) The manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages was illegal. c) Federal laws limited the power of the police. d) The automobile improved access to suburban areas. 68) This cartoon from the 1920s shows the United States government’s attempt to deal with a) foreign trade b) transportation gridlocks c) immigration d) migrant workers 69) During the early 1900s, large numbers of African American from the South found better job opportunities a) in northern cities b) in Pacific Coast lumber yards c) on southwestern ranches d) on Great Plain farms 70) What was one effect of the Harlem Renaissance? a) Prohibition ended for African Americans b) The formation of multiracial corporations was encouraged. c) African-American cultural pride flourished in the cities. d) Many African-American veterans of World Was 1 were unemployed.

Social Studies 8 - Midterm Assessment

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