Genetics - Scientific study of heredity, begun by Gregor Mendel in the mid-1800’s, Heredity - The passing of traits from parent to offspring, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - Hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell and provides instructions for making new cells., Gene - A segment of DNA that carries hereditary instructions and is passed from parent to offspring. Located on chromosomes., Chromosome - A long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells., Alleles - Multiple forms of the same gene, Dominant trait - The trait observed when at least one dominant allele for a characteristic is inherited (for example, brown eyes), Recessive trait - A trait that is visible only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited (for example, blue eyes)., Genotype - An organism’s inherited combination of alleles (the genes that represent the trait)., Phenotype - An organism’s physical appearance, Heterozygous trait - Combination of 1 dominant & 1 recessive allele, Homozygous trait - Homozygous traits consist of either 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles, Asexual Reproduction - The reproductive process that involves one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent., Sexual Reproduction - The reproductive process that involves 2 parents and produces genetically different offspring., Budding - A type of Asexual reproduction where the offspring is identical to the parent.,

Genetics Vocabulary

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