1) What is the primary muscle that involve in the pulmonary ventilation? a) Internal intercostal muscle b) Diaphragm c) External intercostal muscle d) Biceps 2) Choose the right answer about inhalation and exhalation. a) Rib cage move downward during inhalation b) External intercostal muscle contract during exhalation c) Areolar pressure is low during inhalation 3) Which is the correct statement about Boyle’s Law? a) Volume increase, pressure increase b) Volume decrease, pressure increase c) Volume increase, no changes of pressure 4) What is the primary form of carbon dioxide transport in the blood? a) Dissolved in plasma b) Bound to haemoglobin c) Converted to bicarbonate ions d) Stored in red blood cells 5) What is the Bohr effect primarily associated with? a) Oxygen transport in the blood b) Carbon dioxide transport in blood c) Surfactant production d) Lung compliance 6) How many oxygen atoms can bind to 1 molecule of haemoglobin? a) 2 atoms of oxygen b) 3 atoms of oxygen c) 4 atoms of oxygen d) 5 atoms of oxygen 7) Which are the correct statement about pulmonary ventilation during exhalation? a) i and ii b) i, ii, and iii c) ii, iii and iv d) i,ii, and iv 8) What is the primary form of oxygen transport in the blood? a) Dissolved in plasma b) Bound to haemoglobin c) Converted to bicarbonate ions d) Stored in red blood cells 9) Why does fetal haemoglobin (Hb-F) exhibit a higher affinity for oxygen compared to adult haemoglobin A, which benefit the developing fetus? a) Fetal haemoglobin has a higher concentration of iron b) Adult haemoglobin A has a stronger affinity for carbon dioxide c) Fetal haemoglobin’s left-shift oxygen-haemoglobin saturation curve d) Adult haemoglobin A has a higher binding capacity for oxygen 10) How do fever, increased carbon dioxide (↑ CO2), and acidosis (↑ H+) affect the oxygen-haemoglobin saturation curve, and what is the physiological implication of this shift? a) they shift the curve to the left, enhancing oxygen binding to haemoglobin b) they have no effect on the oxygen-haemoglobin saturation curve c) they shift the curve to the right, making it easier to unload oxygen at the tissues d) they decrease the oxygen-carrying capacity of haemoglobin 11) Respiratory controls involved how many levels of regulation ? a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) 1 12) The following are the control of respiration by higher brain centers EXCEPT a) A. Conscious thought processed tied to strong emotions b) B. Emotional states c) C. An anticipation of strenuous exercise d) D. Unconscious thought processed tied to strong emotions 13) The respiratory and cardiovascular systems make adjustments in response to both the intensity and duration of exercise : a) As cardiac output rises, the blood flow to the heart, termed pulmonary perfusion, increases as well. b) As cardiac output rises, the blood flow to the lungs, termed pulmonary perfusion, decreases as well. c) The oxygen diffusing capacity may increase threefold during minimal exercise. d) The oxygen diffusing capacity may increase threefold during maximal exercise. 14) Which of the following is true about the contribution of the respiratory system for all body systems ? a) • Urinary system together with the digestive system regulate the pH and body fluids. b) • Digestive system forceful contraction of respiratory muscles can assist in defecation. c) • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in lungs catalyzes formation of the hormone angiotensin I from angiotensin II. d) • Cardiovascular system during inhalation, respiratory pumps aids return of venous blood to the lungs 15) How does the lymphatic system and immunity relate to the respiratory system ? a) • Pharynx not contains lymphatic tissue b) • Respiratory pump during exhalation promotes flow of lymph c) • Respiratory pump during inhalation promotes flow of lymph d) • Mucus in trachea contribute to specific resistance to disease 16) Which of the following is not true. a) • Elderly people easily decrease their blood oxygen level. b) • Young people decreased in alveolar macrophage activity. c) • Elderly people decreased in alveolar macrophage activity. d) • Young people increased in vital capacity. 17) How does Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affect the body ? a) • The lining of the airways become swollen and inflammed b) • The production of mucus is decreased c) • Lung can function normally as normal person d) • Clear the airways, making it easier to breathe 18) Which of the following is true about emphysema ? a) • Cyanosis occur early in the disease b) • Airways not collapse during expiration c) • Chronic inflammation promotes lung fibrosis d) • Patients use a small amount of energy to exhale 19) Following answers are not true about the effect of chronic bronchitis diseases EXCEPT a) • Mucus production decreases b) • Risk of lung infection decreases c) • Inflammation of the mucosa of the upper respiratory passages d) • Hypoxia and cyanosis occur early 20) Which are the correct common types of cell cancer in lung cancer ? a) • I and II b) • I and IV c) • I, II and III d) • I, II and IV 21) Which of the following instruments is the most related to lung volume? a) b) c) 22) In a regular scenario, an individual breathes in and out 500 mL of air passively. This is called the ______. a) Tidal volume b) Expiratory capacity c) Residual volume d) Vital capacity 23) What do the arrows in the above image indicate? Choose the BEST answer. a) Lung volume b) Lung capacity c) Lung recoil 24) The usual quantity of air that a person is incapable of exhaling is about 1200 mL. This is the _______. a) Vital capacity b) Residual volume c) Expiratory reserve volume d) Inspiratory capacity 25) What is the formula of inspiratory capacity? a) b) c) 26) The following are NOT directly involved in lung recoil, EXCEPT a) I & II b) II & III c) III d) None of the above. 27) After an individual breathes in as usual and then they forcefully inhale more air. This is called ______ volume. a) tidal b) residual c) inspiratory reserve d) expiratory reserve 28) Which of the following indicates the functional residual capacity? a) A b) B c) C d) D 29) What is the difference between lung volume and lung capacity? a) Lung volume is the amount of air in the lungs at a specific moment, while lung capacity is the total amount of air the lungs can hold. b) Lung volume is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale, while lung capacity is the regular amount of air inhaled. c) Lung volume is the capacity of the lungs to filter oxygen, while lung capacity is the ability to expel carbon dioxide. d) Lung volume refers to the rate of air exchange during breathing, while lung capacity is the speed of airflow. 30) What is the amount of vital capacity based on the diagram above? a) 6000 mL b) 500 mL c) 3600 mL d) 4800 mL 31) The following answer is the processes that required for respiration to occur EXCEPT a) Ventilation b) External respiration c) Internal respiration d) Gas exchange 32) What are the functional components of respiratory system? a) upper respiratory system and conducting zone b) conducting zone and respiratory zone c) respiratory zone and lower respiratory system d) upper respiratory system and lower respiratory system 33) What are the components of upper respiratory system? a) i and iv b) i, ii, and iii c) ii, iii and iv d) i, ii, iii and iv 34) What structural changes occur when conducting tubes in bronchi become smaller? a) Cartilage support structures change   b) Epithelium type remains the same c) Amount of smooth muscle decreases 35) Which component of respiratory system that consist of y? a) upper respiratory system b) lower respiratory system c) conducting zone d) respiratory zone 36) Based on the picture, what is the region that related to h? a) laryngopharynx b) vestibule c) adventitia d) pleural fluid 37) which part that produces sound? a) A b) B c) C d) D 38) What is the function of x? a) allow movement of air to the alveoli b) contain vocal chords for sound production c) allow movement of air to the bronchi d) act as internal gas exchanges surfaces 39) All of the following statement are true about alveolus EXCEPT: a) contains carina that trigger the cough reflex b) surrounded by fine elastic fibers c) act as internal gas exchange surfaces d) contain open pores that allow air pressure throughout the lung to be equalized 40) What type of cell in picture that secrete surfactant? a) Type I cell b) Type II cell c) Macrophage d) Capillary

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (ANATOMY CHAPTER 9)

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