Colonization - Japan, Dutch, Spanish, 3 pembukaan - UUD 1945, Highest power based on the form and norms of states - President, Archipelagic knowledge - one of the principles of unity, Post independence period 1945-1950 - Reflects a crucial phase in the nation's history., Guided democracy period - President sukarno's leadership, Grievances, related to central government policies, perceived neglect, and demands for regional autonomy - PRRI (Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia), Political instability - Frequent changes and unstable governance, Political party dynamics - Indonesian national party (PNI), 1 principle of unity in the diversity of ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroups - Principle of responsible freedom, Pancasila - Indonesian ideology, Sila 3 - Unity, "false promised freedom and independence" - Japanese colonization, Regional leaders capitalize on the situation to gain power in an authoritarian manner. - Authoritarian use of power, To provide free education to the citizens - the goal and aim of country reformation plans,

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