primer - Short sequences of nucleotides that are chemically synthesized to bond with the target DNA by complimentary base pairing., heat-resistant enzymes - Enzymes that are able to withstand high temperatures, usually from bacteria., free nucleotide - Nucleotides that not yet part of a DNA molecule., electrophoresis - A technique used to separate fragments of DNA molecules based on their size and electric charge., electropherogram - A plot of DNA fragment sizes, typically used for genotyping such as DNA sequencing., DNA profiling - The process where a specific DNA pattern, called a profile, is obtained from a person or sample of bodily tissue., genome - The full DNA sequence of an organism., biotechnology - The use of a range of biological techniques to produce a range of products for human benefit., plasmid - Circular DNA, found predominantly in bacterial cells, capable of independent DNA replication., vector - Used to transfer genetic information into a host, usually a virus., bacterial transformation - Process where recombinant DNA is mixed with cells of a host (bacteria or yeast)., probe (DNA or RNA) - Single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules with a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the target gene., restriction enzyme - Enzymes that cut the sugar-phosphate backbone of both polynucleotide strands of the target gene at specific locations called restriction sites., microinjection - Using a very fine glass needle to inject the target gene into the nucleus of the fertilised egg cell., CRISPR - Short repeating sequences of DNA nucleotides used by bacteria in defence against infection by viruses.,

DNA Part 3

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