exocytosis - A transport process where substances inside the cell are enclosed in a vesicle and carried to the cell membrane where they are expelled from the cell., surface area to volume ratio - The amount of surface area per unit volume of an object or collection of objects., concentration gradient - The difference in the concentration of solutes across a membrane., exchange - The transfer of molecules from one area to another., cell metabolism - The sum of all chemical changes that take place in a cell through which energy and basic components are provided for essential processes, including the synthesis of new molecules and the breakdown and removal of others., environmental factor - Any factor, abiotic or biotic, that influences living organisms., metabolic pathway - A linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. The reactants, products, and intermediates of an enzymatic reaction are known as metabolites, which are modified by a sequence of chemical reactions catalysed by enzymes., intermediate compound - A molecule that is formed from the reactants (or preceding intermediates) and reacts further to give the directly observed products of a chemical reaction., cell division - The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells., somatic cell - All cells in the body of an organism except the gametes (sex cells)., germ-line cell - Cells that create reproductive cells (gametes)., binary fission - The process by which bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts divide., mitosis - A form of nuclear division that produces genetically identical offspring. Type of asexual reproduction., asexual reproduction - Reproduction that does not involve gametes or fertilisation. Only one parent is required. Since there is only one parent, there is no fusion of gametes and no mixing of genetic information., diploid - A full set of chromosomes., haploid - Half a set of chromosomes., homologous - Chromosomes that carry the same genes (alleles) in the same location., crossing over - The swapping of genetic material that occurs in the germ line. During the formation of egg and sperm cells, also known as meiosis, paired (homologous) chromosomes from each parent align so that similar DNA sequences from the paired chromosomes cross over one another., independent assortment - The formation of random combinations and therefore genes during meiosis to produce different combinations of pairs of homologous chromosomes., genetic variation - The difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations., sexual reproduction - Reproduction that involves gametes and fertilisation. Two parents are required. There is fusion of gametes and mixing of genetic information., meiosis - Nuclear division required for the production of gamete cells. The daughter cells produced are genetically variable., fertilisation - The fusion of a female sex cell (egg/ova) and male sex cell (sperm)., internal factors - Chemical factors inside a cell that signals for the cell cycle to stop or go at the checkpoints (cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases)., external factors - Physical or chemical factors outside the cell that regulate cell division (growth factors, cell density, cell anchorage), cell cycle - The ordered sequence of events that occur in a parent cell during cell replication to produce daughter cells., checkpoints - Designated positions in the cell cycle where the cell checks through various mechanisms if the cell is ready to pass into the next stage of the cell cycle., carcinogen - Chemicals that are associated with the onset of cancer., cell culture - The maintenance of cells in vitro outside their original body.,

Cells Part 2

by
Print
Embed

Leaderboard

Visual style

Options

Switch template

Continue editing: ?