cell theory - Cells are the fundamental unit of all living things that arise from pre-existing cells through cell division, which passes on DNA., cell membrane - Thin boundary, made of phospholipid bi-layer and proteins, which separates a cell from the extracellular environment., fluid mosaic model - Membrane is fluid and contains a mosaic of embedded proteins., prokaryotic - Type of cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles., eukaryotic - Type of cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles., organelle - Small structures within a cell that carry out specific functions., nucleus - Stores DNA and coordinates cellular functions., nucleolus - Facilitates the synthesis of functional RNAs., mitochondrion - Facilitates the process of aerobic respiration., chloroplast - Facilitates the process of photosynthesis., vacuole/vesicle - Stores water, nutrients and waste. Vesicle transports these around the cell., golgi body - Modifies proteins and lipids and packages these into vesicles for transport around the cell., endoplasmic reticulum - Synthesises and folds proteins into specific shapes for their specific function in the cell., ribosome - Site of protein synthesis (translation)., lysosome - Digests macromolecules, old cell parts and microorganisms., cytoskeleton - Network of protein filaments that extends from the nucleus to the membrane giving the cell its shape, enables cell signaling, segregation of chromosomes during cell division and transport of vesicles around the cell., energy - The ability to do work – the ability to cause some kind of change., light energy - A form of energy consisting of particle-like photons with wavelike properties, and in which affects the physiology of organism., chemical energy - Energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances and released, or absorbed in the formation of a chemical compound, during a chemical reaction., ATP - Adenosine triphosphate. A useable form of energy in the cell. Releases energy when it is broken down into ADP and Pi., ADP - Adenosine diphosphate. The substance that combines with Pi to form ATP., Pi - Organic phosphate that combines with ADP to form ATP., metabolic reactions - All chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cells and the organism., aerobic respiration - A complex process involving a series of reactions that breaks down glucose into carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen. In prokaryotes, this occurs in the cytoplasm, in eukaryotes it begins in the cytoplasm and is completed in the mitochondria., fermentation  - A form of respiration that does not require oxygen. Glucose is partially broken down through a series of chemical reactions to either ethanol (alcohol fermentation) or lactic acid (lactic acid fermentation), releasing a small amount of energy that can be coupled to the production of ATP., diffusion - A passive physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration., facilitated diffusion - A passive transport process across the cell membrane through a transmembrane channel protein when there is a favourable concentration gradient, where movement occurs from a high concentration to a low concentration of a substance., osmosis - A passive transport process that enables the movement of water from a low solute concentration solution (environment) to a high solute concentration solution (environment)., active transport - Movement of molecules across a membrane through a transmembrane protein that requires an input of energy (usually in the form of ATP) to transport substances against the concentration gradient (low to high)., endocytosis - A transport process by which a substance is engulfed into a vesicle formed from the cell membrane and transported into the cell.,

Cells Part 1

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