The late-19th century, from roughly the 1870s to 1900, is referred to by historians as the ____. This is because, while a few Americans lived a very ____ life, most Americans were living in or on the verge of ____. After the ____ and the failure of ____, the process of ____ was accelerating. This was particularly fueled by the expansion of ____, the discovery and harnessing of natural resources like ____, the more efficient process of manufacturing iron ore into ____ known as the ____, and the growing availability of ____ to power factories and homes alike. Some of the most powerful people of the Gilded Age were those who owned ____ which dominated both the US economy and its political system. The government took a hands-off, or '____', approach to the economy, allowing businesses to do as they will in competing with each other. Businesses grew through aggressively out-competing and buying out their competitors, known as ____, and by buying out all steps of their supply chain, known as ____. Through this process, the economy became dominated by large corporations, which often formed agreements to limit competition amongst each other, known as ____, and some alone had captured total control over their markets, known as ____. This made the owners of these businesses enormously wealthy, including ____ who owned most of the American oil industry, ____ who owned most of American steel, ____ who controlled much of the railroads, and ____ who dominated American finance.

Gilded Age: Industrialization

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