chromosomes - a thread-like structure composed of DNA and protein, deoxyribonucleic acid - nucleic acid containing the four bases — adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine, gene - a section of a chromosome that codes for a protein through the order of the nucleotide base sequence it possesses, histones - a protein found in eukaryotic chromosomes that assists in packaging the DNA, nucleosome - a section of supercoiled DNA around histones, chromatin - a mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division, alleles - the different forms of a particular gene, genotype - both the double set of genetic instructions present in a diploid organism and the genetic make-up of an organism at one particular gene locus, multiple alleles - three or more alleles exist for a gene, genomics - the study of the entire genetic make-up or genome of a species, genome - complete set of genetic instructions for an organism, haploid - having one copy of each specific chromosome in each set, diploid  - having two copies of each specific chromosome in each set, homologous - matching pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes at the same positions, loci - the position of a gene on a chromosome; plural = loci, non-homologous - non-matching chromosomes, autosomes - any one of a pair of homologous chromosomes that are identical in appearance in both males and females, sex chromosomes - a pair of chromosomes that differ in males and females of a species; allosomes, centromere - the position where the chromatids are held together in a chromosome, sister chromatids - identical copies of DNA formed by the replication of a chromosome, metacentric - Centromere is positioned in the middle of the chromosome, submetacentric - Centromere positioned towards one end, acrocentric - Centromere is positioned very close to one end, telocentric - Centromere is positioned at the tip of the chromosome, karyotype - an image of chromosomes from a cell arranged in an organised manner, cytogeneticists - a scientist who specialises in the study of human karyotypes, Trisomy - a condition in which a cell or organism has three copies of a particular chromosome that is normally present as a homologous pair, Monosomy - a condition in which a cell or organism has only one copy of a particular chromosome that is normally present as a homologous pair, translocation - type of chromosome change in which a chromosome breaks and a portion of it reattaches to a different chromosome, duplication - type of chromosome change in which part of a chromosome is repeated, deletion - type of chromosome change in which part of a chromosomes is lost,

Chromosome to genome

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