Tuchman - Symbolic annihilation of women, Mulvey - Male gaze, Wolf - Beauty myth, Ferguson - Womens mags about him, home and looking good for him, McRobbie and Garber - Jackie magazine - housewife role, Easthope - Media transmits myth that masculinity is based on strength, aggression, competition and violence, Simpson - Metrosexual man, Gauntlett - Characters 'different but equal' in Friends (gender), Whannel - David Beckham representations as both metrosexual and masculine, Landis - Stereotypes of elderly in media e.g. grumpy old men, feisty old women etc, Carrigan - Grey pound, Biggs - Older people starting to be shown more e.g. in soap operas, Heintz-Knowles - Representations of young contain stereotypes that reflects an adult perspective, Osgerby - social climate affects representation of youth - positive in 50s, 70's more rebellious, Barker - Stereotyping of ethnic minorities in Eastenders, Hall - Policing the crisis - black people scapegoated, Malik - Change in representation is evident in reality TV but mainstream media does not generally represent minorities well and they are declining to watch mainstream channels, Poole - Islam has always been demonised by Western media, Gerbner - Symbolic annihilation of ethnic minorities in the media, Nairn - Monarchy shown positively , Dodd and Dodd - The communal environment shown in Eastenders does not reflect contemporary working class culture, Price - Poverty porn, Curran and Seaton - Newspapers aimed at working class assume they are uninterested in serious analysis of politics etc and focus on celebrity gossip, Golding and Middleton - The media demonises the underclass e.g. generates moral panics about welfare abuse, McKendrick et al - Dramas such as Shameless present a sanitised picture of poverty, and the Jeremy Kyle show uses poverty as entertainment, Newman - Media over focuses on consumer items such as luxury cars that only the wealthy can afford...concerns of wealthy overtake those of lower classes, Akinti - Media portrayals of ethnic minorities over focus on crime, AIDs in Africa and black children's underachievement in schools, Szmigin and Carrigan - Advertising executives are wary of using older people in adverts as it may alienate younger audiences, Edwards - The 'new man' was just a product of advertisers who invented the concept to sell products, Inness - Females are beginning to be shown as tough, powerful and more positive e.g. Hunger Games, Lara Croft, Divergent,

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