Mulvey - Male gaze, Lauzen - Women account for only 16% of directors, writers, producers etc, Ivory - Female characters in video games are underrepresented, Ross - News presenters more likely to be female now - to make news more 'human' and watchable. Also used as sex objects., Scharrer et al - Men usually portrayed as amusingly incompetent in a domestic role, Beuf - Children model themselves after TV role models - leads to girls abandoning their ambitions, Wolf - The beauty myth, Wilkinson - Genderquake - education and careers now replacing marriage and family as priorities, Winship - Womens mags play a supportive and positive role, Orbach - Media imagery creates the potential for eating disorders, Miliband - Ruling class use media to create a false picture of reality, Glennon and Butsch - Wokring class underrepresented and middle class overrepresented, Althusser - Media is an ideological state apparatus to control, Hall - Black people stereotyped as slave, native, entertainer, GUMG - Working class and asylum seekers and refugees portrayed negatively through language and visuals, Gramsci - Hegemony - the spread of ruling class ideology has led to a common sense view being accepted, Williams - Journalists provide an important service for democratic society - ensuring accurate and fair representations, Whale - The broad shape and nature of the press is determined by no-one but it's readers, Schlesinger - New diary determines some news stories, Barnett and Weymour - Desire for profits leads to less diversity - all try to produce what is popular, Humphreys - Media avoids challenging programmes as they present a greater risk to viewing numbers, Curran and Gurrevitch - Journalists self censor to please their editors, McLuhan - Global village, Baudrillard - Hyper-reality, Condry - Japans hip hop scene - people more active in shaping their identity through media , Wilkins - Deviancy amplification, Young - Drugtakers study, Pearson - Young folk devils in the media, Cohen - Mods and the rockers, Lyotard - We gave become disillusioned and no longer accept metanarratives,

Media Perspectives

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