Metaphor - a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. a thing regarded as representative or symbolic of something else., Oxymoron - a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction; combines contradictory words with opposing meanings (e.g. old news, deafening silence, organised chaos)., Personification - the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form, Hyperbole - exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally., Imagery - visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work, Metonymy - the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, or the turf for horse racing, Simile - a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g. as brave as a lion ), Idiom - a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words (e.g. over the moon, see the light )., Synecdoche - a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in England lost by six wickets (meaning ‘the English cricket team’); as ‘hand’ in ‘offer your hand in marriage’, Euphemism - a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing; ‘downsizing’ for ‘cuts’ in the workplace, Irony - the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect, Understatement - the presentation of something as being smaller or less good or important than it really is, Paradox - a seemingly absurd or contradictory statement or proposition which when investigated may prove to be well founded or true; a statement or proposition which, despite sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems logically unacceptable or self-contradictory; a person or thing that combines contradictory features or qualities (in 1984 used in the slogans: “War is Peace, Freedom is Slavery, Ignorance is Strength”), Antithesis - a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else., Allusion - an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference., Symbolism - the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities; symbolic meaning attributed to natural objects or facts,

Language Devices: Figurative Language

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