Operational Definition ( - a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. (necessary for replication), Experiment - a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable)., Correlation - a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other., Dependent Variable - the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations (variable that is manipulated), Statistical Significance - ) a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance, Random Assignment - assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups., Double-blind Study - an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies., Illusory Correlation - the perception of a relationship where none exists., Mean - the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores., Median - the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it., Inferential Statistics - an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate., Single-blind Study - study in which the subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group, Random Selection - A way of ensuring that a sample of people is representative of a population by giving everyone in the population an equal chance of being selected for the sample, Survey - a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group, Case Study - a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles., Naturalistic Observation - ​​observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation, Hypothesis - part of frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning, and language (Broca's area is in it's left lobe), Independent Variable - the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied,

Perspectives and Research Methods

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