Agriculture - Deliberate modification of the Earth's surface through cultivation of crops or livestock, First Agricultural Revolution - Also known as the Neolithic Revolution; the changing of societies from hunting and gathering to purposeful raising of crops/livestock, cold chain - Harvesting produce that is not yet ripe and ripening it by controlling the temperature from field to grocery stores, food desert - An area characterized by a lack of affordable, fresh, and nutritious food, long-lot survey system - Land survey system where the Earth is divided into narrow parcels, typically stretching back from rivers/canals, monoculture - The dependence on production of a single agricultural crop, Green Revolution - Norman Borlaug is considered the father of this revolution, organic agriculture - Production of crops without the use of synthetic or industrially produced pesticides or fertilizers, primogeniture - A land ownership practice where land is passed to the eldest son, Columbian Exchange - Movement of plants, animals, people, diseases, and ideas among Africa, Europe, and the Americas, perishable - An agricultural product that is susceptible to spoiling in transit, metes-and-bounds system - A land survey system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features like streams or trees, Fertile Crescent - Considered the first hearth for plant cultivation; the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, urban agriculture - Cultivating land or raising livestock on small plots in cities, generally on converted brownfields or on rooftops, intensive agriculture - A high level of inputs used in relation to the amount of land; typically found in densely populated areas, extensive agriculture - large amounts of acreage is cultivated using a small amount of inputs; the outermost ring of the VonThunen model, Bid-rent theory - The premise that the price and demand of land will increase the closer it is to the central city, carrying capacity - The idea that land can hold a measurable amount of plant and animal life, genetically modified organism - What results when the chemical makeup of crops and/or the genes of plants are altered by scientists, Second Agricultural Revolution - Advancements in breeding livestock, agricultural technology, and seed production that took place in Europe in the 1700s and 1800s,

Agriculture Vocabulary

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