trait - A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring., heredity - Passing of traits from parents to offspring., genetics - The scientific study of heredity., gene - A piece of DNA on a chromosome that has the code for a specific trait., allele - Different forms of the same gene. Organisms have two for each gene: one from the mother and one from the father., dominant allele - An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present., recessive allele - An allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present., phenotype - Traits that you see. An organism's physical appearance or visible traits., genotype - An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations. The genes passed from a parent., heterozygous - Having two DIFFERENT alleles for a particular trait., homozygous - Having two IDENTICAL alleles for a particular trait., lower case letters represent - recessive alleles, capital letters represent - dominant alleles/traits, punnett square - A diagram that shows the possible combinations of alleles/possible traits passed from parents., karyotype - A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs., 23rd pair of chromosomes - Determines a person's sex. Female is X. Male is Y., incomplete dominance - Cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another and there is a blending of traits. For example, If you cross a purebred, red flower (RR) with a purebred, white flower (WW ) You will get first generation pink snapdragons., codominance - An organism that has both alleles of a gene displays both phenotypes at the same time. For example, a cross between a black cat (BB) and a tan cat (TT) results in a tabby cat (black and tan mixed together or BT)., mutation - A change in a gene or chromosome either due to mistakes when the DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors. Sometimes this can be good or sometimes it can be bad.,

Genetics and Heredity

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