Single-blind procedure - Research design in which participants don't know whether they are in the experimental or control group, Double-blind procedure - Research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group, Placebo - A physical or psychological treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but that contains no active ingredient, Placebo effect - A response to the belief that the independent variable will have an effect, rather than the actual effect of the independent variable, which can be a confounding variable, Reliability - Consistency or repeatability of results, Validity - The extent to which an instrument measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict, Descriptive statistics - Numbers that summarize a set of research data obtained from a sample. Key concepts of descriptive statistics include:, Frequency distribution - An orderly arrangement of scores indicating the frequency of each score or group of scores, Central tendency - Average or most typical scores of a set of research data, including: 1. Mode - the most frequently occurring score in a set of research data, 2. Median - the middle score when a set of data is ordered by size, 3. Mean - the arithmetic average of a set of scores, Variability - The spread or dispersion of a set of research data or distribution, including: 1. Range - the difference between the largest score and the smallest score, 2. Standard deviation (SD) - measures the average difference between each score and the mean of the data set, Normal distribution - Bell-shaped curve that represents data about how human characteristics are dispersed in the population, Percentile score - The percentage of scores at or below a particular score (from 1 to 99), Correlation coefficient (r) - A statistical measure of the degree of relatedness or association between two sets of data that ranges from -1 to +1,

Research Methods part 2

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