Crust - Top layer of the earth that is very thin and hard, upper mantle  - Layer under the crust which is made of thick liquid;it is like soft plastic which allows the tectonic plates to move, lower mantle - layer above the outer core which is made of soft clay; very hot, outer core - the layer under them mantle which is liquid metal, mainly iron and nickel, inner core - innermost layer of the Earth which is solid and is super dense form of iron, Pangaea - the name for the supercontinent that scientists theorize existed about 200 million years ago, in which all of the present continents were joined, at mid-ocean ridges - 1. two plates are separating 2. new seafloor is continually created, earthquakes occur - mostly at plate boundaries and when built-up pressure at the faults is suddenly released, cinders - small pieces of lava that are spewed into the air during volcanic eruptions, erupt - to break through; to force out suddenly and violently, lava - magma that has reached the earth's surface, magma - the melted rock that makes up the material of the mantle, magma chamber - the pool, or reservoir, of magma near the bottom of a volcano, volcanic ash - fine particles of lava that are spewed out of a volcano during an eruption, volcano - an opening in the earth's crust through which melted rock reaches the earth's surface, Two ways mountains formed - 1. when two continental plates collide causing them to wrinkle and fold (Himalayas) 2. through volcanic eruptions (Mount St. Helens),

Geology Test

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