Coriolis force - this force changes the direction of air movement., the theoretical wind that results from the exact balance between Coriolis force and the pressure gradient force. - Geostrophic flow, Monsoons - caused by the meso-scale climate system and affect the Indian subcontinent in summer & winter, Windward - the side of a mountain that receives wind, Leeward - the side of a mountain that is sheltered from the wind, Adiabatic heating - is the process of increasing heat through a change in air pressure caused by volume contraction, Adiabatic cooling - is the process of reducing heat through a change in air pressure caused by volume expansion, SA Berg winds - is a hot and dry wind., when air in the upper atmosphere is cold and heavy it sinks - Subsidence, when air collides or converges at the Earth's surface it is forced to rise. - Convergence, is characterized by WARMER temps in the central & eastern Pacific Ocean. - El Nino, is characterized by COOLER temps in the central & eastern Pacific Ocean. - La Nina, Drought - a long period with little or no rain, Desertification - the process whereby once fertile areas become increasingly more arid, Mitigation - action taken to reduce severity of droughts, Land degradation - economic & biological productivity of land is lost through human activities, Meteorological drought - annual rainfall is below average, Agricultural drought - lower than adequate rain results in less crops, Hydrological drought - lower than adequate rain causes ground water to decrease and rivers stop flowing, Ecological drought - natural vegetation suffers from to little rain,

gr 11 climatology

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