A court operating as part of the judicial branch, entirely separate from the military establishment - civilian tribunal , power shared by federal and state courts to hear certain cases - concurrent jurisdiction , an opinion which is basically in agreement with the decision that the court has made, but which bases that opinion on different reasons - concurring opinion , The government may not regulate assemblies on the basis of what might be said - content neutral, courts composed of military personnel, for the trial of those accused of violating military law - courts-martial, a case in which a defendant is tried for committing a crime as defined by the law - criminal case, in a civil suit, the person against whom a court action is brought by the plaintiff; in a criminal case, the person charged with the crime - defendant, an opinion written by a justice who does not agree with the court's decision, explaining the reasons why not - dissenting opinion , a court's list of cases to be heard - docekt, part of the Fourteenth Amendment which guarantees that no state deny basic rights to its people - due process clause, part of the First Amendment of the Constitution that guarantees the separation of church and state - establishment clause, the second part of the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom; guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever he or she chooses to believe in matters of religion - free exercise clause, a government-designated area used to confine protestors - free speech zone, the lower federal courts under the supreme court - inferior courts, the authority to decide the constitutionality of a law or action - judicial review, the authority of a court to hear a case - jurisdiction , false and malicious use of printed words - libel, the opinion on which the decision of the court is based, which identifies the issues in the case and the reasons for the decision - majority opinion , the power of a court to hear a case first before any other court - original jurisdiction , church-related, as in a parochial school - parochial , in civil law, the party who brings a suit or some other legal action against another (the defendant) in court - plaintiff, court decision that stands as an example to be followed in future, similar cases - precedent, idea that government cannot curb ideas before they are expressed - prior restraint , the process of incorporating, or including, most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights into the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause - process of incorporation , satisfaction of a claim payment - redress, laws which gives reporters some protection against having to disclose their sources or reveal other confidential information in legal proceedings - shield laws, false and malicious use of spoken words - slander, an order by the court directing a lower court to send the record in a given case for review - writ of certiorari,

The Judicial Branch

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