deep processing - processing information with consideration to its meaning; creates stronger memories, shallow processing - uses surface characteristics to process information: Two types--structural and phonemic, structural processing - encoding information with the use of visual and physical characteristics, phonemic processing - encoding information using auditory characteristics, physiological systems of memory - when learning, neurons in cerebral cortex experience chemical changes that strengthen bonds between , prospective memories - a form of memory that involves remembering to perform a planned action at some future point in time., metacognition - sometimes described as “thinking about your own thinking"; knowing your strengths and weaknesses as a learner, Hermann Ebbinghaus - developed the forgetting curve; proved spaced out study is better than massed (crammed) studying, Wolfgang Kohler - developed the insight method: the sudden (“out of nowhere”) understanding of the relation between a problem and a solution, Elizabeth Loftus - proved our memories can be distorted by new information, creating "false" memories,

Standard 5.1 Memory Introduction

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