Independent variable - In a true experiment, the researcher manipulates the ___________ variable, Dependent variable - In a true experiment, the researcher measures the _________________ variable, Controlled variables - Variables which are kept constant in experimental research, Behavioural variables - In non-experimental research, variables which are not manipulated but observed in the environment, Confounding variables - Factors other than IV which vary systematically with the DV, suggesting a spurious correlation, Extraneous variables - Variables other than the IV which could potentially affect the study outcome, Participant variables - Ways in which the participants differ, possibly affecting the ways in which they behave or react, Experimenter variables - Variations in the attributes or behavior of the experimenter/ researcher which could affect the way the participants behave, Environmental variables - Variations in the environment which could affect participant behaviours, Experimenter effects - When the experimenter/ researcher unconsciously acts in ways that influence participants (creates experimenter variables), Random allocation - Process where participants have an equal chance of being assigned to the experimental or control group (minimises participant variables), Demand characteristics - When there are cues or hints in the experimental procedure which ‘give away’ the research aim (creates environment or experimenter variables), Single-blind procedures - Participants remain unaware of whether they are in the control or experimental group (minimizes demand characteristics), Standardisation - When both procedures and instructions are delivered in exactly the same way every time (minimises environmental and experimental variables), Double-blind procedures - Participants and researchers both remain unaware of whether they are in the control or experimental group (minimizes demand characteristics and experimenter effects)), Placebo - Inactive substance (has no therapeutic effect), used as a control for patient expectations , Placebo effect - Beneficial effect produced by a placebo drug or treatment, which is due to the patient's belief in that treatment, Randomized controlled trial - Rigorous scientific study where double blinding and random allocation are used,

Year 11 ATAR Psychology 2025 Revision Research Methods ONE

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