founder of genetics - Gregor Mendel, passing down traits from one generation to the next - heredity, shown by a capital letter; in hybrid offspring - dominant trait, only shows up in absence of other alleles; lower case - recessive, physical characteristics - phenotype, combinations of alleles (letters) - genotype, mix of dominant and recessive Tt - hybrid, certain organisms survive to pass on traits to their offspring - natural selection, random and unpredictable - genetic drift, chart that shows all possible combos of a genetic cross - Punnett Square, different forms of a particular gene - alleles, more than 2 possible alleles; blood types - multiple alleles, 2 traits make a blended phenotype - incomplete dominance, controlled by 1 gene that has 2 possible alleles - simple dominance, both traits in hybrid offspring- no blending - codominance, 2 or more genes that make a single trait - polygenic inheritance, black fur, white feathers, etc. - examples of phenotypes, RR, Rr, rr - examples of genotypes, type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus - mitosis, process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. - meiosis,

Ch 4 Science Genetics

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