Confounding variable - Variable other than the IV that has a systematic effect on the value of the DV., Control group (C-group) - Participants not exposed to variations in the IV., Correlation - Statistical measure of strength and direction of relationship between 2 variables; not cause-and-effect., Dependent variable - Property measured to look for effects of IV., Experimental group (E-group) - Participants exposed to IV., Extraneous variable - Variable other than the IV that could cause changes in the DV., Independent variable - Variable manipulated by the experimenter., Interval data - Measured on a scale where each step is the same value, but zero does not mean property does not exist., Mann-Whitney U-test - Typically used for ordinal data to test whether two means are equal or not., Mean - Average of all scores., Median - Middle number (or mean of two middle numbers) of a number series listed in numerical order., Mode - Most commonly occurring score in the dataset., Nominal data - Has qualitative value rather than quantitative, and no ranking or ordering of the values is implied., Objective data - Measured according to an identifiable external criterion., Operationalisation - Quantification of a variable., Ordinal data - Has a definite sequence but the gap between one level and the next is not constant., Population - Group of people about which we wish to draw conclusions., Qualitative data - Descriptions of characteristics of what is being studied., Quantitative data - Measurements (numerical info) about variables being studied., Range - Difference between highest and lowest scores in the dataset., Ratio data - Measurements representing quantities in terms of equal intervals and an absolute zero point of origin., Sample - Members of the population selected to take part in research., Standard deviation - Measure stating how far, on average, scores are different from the mean., Subjective data - Info about the variables being studied based on opinion, with no external yardstick., Type I error - Existence of a result is incorrectly assumed to be present., Type II error - Absence of something is incorrectly assumed to be present., Variance - Measure of how much, on average, the scores differ from the mean., Wilcoxon signed-rank test - Compares two sets of scores from the same set of participants when data is not normally distributed.,

Y11 Psychology Chapter 1

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