head to toe principle - development occurs in neck muscles first, then moves down the body - core/back muscles, then leg muscles, inside out principle - control of body develops from core to the outer limbs with fingers being last to strengthen, same sequence, different rate principle - milestones occur in the same order, but often ages of achievement vary by a couple months, holistic principle - physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social development progress simultaneous and are interconnected, growth is continuous but rate is not smooth - rapid growth occurs during infancy and adolescence but slows at other stages, growth rates differ between girls and boys - growth spurts occur at different times for each gender, growth rates vary for different parts of the body - head circumference grows more rapidly than other body parts during first months of life, height, weight and head circumference - used to measure growth and indicate areas for concern, developmental norms - description of average set of expectations  - ex: 12 months stand alone, milestone - an ability achieved by most children by a certain age,

Unit 1 Principles of growth & development

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