egg - Female gamete made in the ovaries, sperm - Male sex cell made in the testes, gamete - Sex cells. They carry half the genetic information to make a new individual, fertilisation - When male and female gametes fuse together, nucleus - Found in cells and contains the genetic information in the form of chromosomes, DNA - Molecule that contains the genes/genetic information, chromosome - Tightly coiled strands of DNA, found in the nucleus, Gene - Section of DNA that codes for a characteristic, variation - Differences within a species, Identical twins - Occur when a fertilised egg splits in two as a dividing embryo, fraternal /non-identical twins - Occurs when 2 or more eggs are fertilised at the same time, forming genetically different embryos, Discontinuous variation - Variation caused by genetics only. Data is displayed as a bar chart, Continuous variation - Variation caused by a combination of genes and the environment. Data is displayed as a bell shaped line graph, adaptation - Characteristics of living organisms that help them to survive in their habitat, Natural Selection - The best adapted to changes in the environment survive, reproduce and pass on these characteristics to their offspring, Selective Breeding - Those with desirable characteristics are allowed to reproduce over many generations, competition - When 2 organisms fight the same resource such as space, food, mate, light etc., evolution - The changes in a species over time. These changes are driven by natural selection, predator - An animal that hunts and kills prey for food. Often a new predator can cause a species to become extinct, disease - An illness caused by a micro-organisms such as a fungus (tree frogs) or a cancer (Tazmanian Devils) that can cause the extinction of a species, extinction - Permanent loss of ALL members of a species, biodiversity - Range of species living in a habitat, conservation - A method that aims to preserve/keep something that is at risk of being lost forever, Seed bank - A place where seeds of each plant species is kept frozen to preserve a genetic copy in case of extinction, Captive breeding programme - A conservation practice that ensures examples of each endangered species are kept, by breeding male and female pairs carefully, without inbreeding,
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GENETICS AND EVOLUTION KEY WORDS
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Swright
KS3
Science
Reproduction and Genetics
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