United Nations (UN) - new international organization that would take an active role in preserving the peace., Yalta Conference - Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met here to discuss the Post-WWII world; Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to recognize the Polish government set up by the Soviets. Stalin agreed it would include members of the prewar Polish government, and free elections would be held as soon as possible. , Harry S. Truman - US president at end of WWII and beginning of Cold war, Potsdam Conference - Truman and Stalin met to decide what to do with Germany post surrender at the end of WWII, satellite nations - nations politically and economically dominated or controlled by another more powerful country, Iron Curtain - the political and military barrier that isolated Soviet-controlled countries of Eastern Europe after World War II, containment - the policy or process of preventing the expansion of a hostile power, Truman Doctrine - goal was to aid those who worked to resist being controlled by others. In the long run, it pledged the United States to fight the spread of communism worldwide. $400 million to fight Communist aggression in Greece and Turkey. , Marshall Plan - gave European nations American aid to rebuild their economies. Purpose was to keep them strong against Communist expansion. , Berlin Airlift - airlift that supported a Soviet blockade around Berlin, by bringing in more than two million tons of supplies to the city., North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - a mutual defense alliance between US, Canada, and western Europe., loyalty review program - a policy established by President Truman that authorized the screening of all federal employees to determine their loyalty to the U.S. government, Red Scare - rumors and accusations spawned fears that Communists were trying to take over the world., House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) - a group that held public hearings on Communist subversion to expose not just Communists but also “Communist sympathizers” and “fellow travelers.”, Joseph McCarthy - HUAC chairman; Investigations became witch-hunts—searches for disloyalty based on weak evidence and irrational fears., fallout - radioactive particles dispersed by a nuclear explosion, massive retaliation - a policy of threatening a massive response, including the use of nuclear weapons, against a Communist state trying to seize a peaceful state by force, brinkmanship - the willingness to go to the brink of war to force an opponent to back down, military-industrial complex - an informal relationship that some people believe exists between the military and the defense industry to promote greater military spending and influence government policy, Dwight D. Eisenhower - the general who had organized the D-Day invasion; president of the US during \Cold War. , Sputnik  - the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth, launched on October 4, 1957 by the Soviet Union., Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 - aka the GI Bill, provided funds to help veterans establish businesses, buy homes, and attend college., baby boom - a marked rise in birthrate, such as occurred in the United States following World War II, rock 'n' roll - popular music usually played on electronically amplified instruments and characterized by a persistent, heavily accented beat, much repetition of simple phrases, and often country, folk, and blues elements, generation gap - a cultural separation between parents and their children, The Beat Movement - poets, writers, and artists criticized American culture for its sterility, conformity, and emptiness,

Cold War/50s Homefront

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