Gene cloning (or DNA cloning) is a process to produces ____ of a gene or DNA segment that can be used to manipulate and analyze DNA and to produce useful new products or organisms with beneficial traits. In genetic engineering, bacterial ____ are used to cut DNA molecules within short, specific nucleotide sequences also known as ____, yielding a set of double-stranded restriction fragments with single-stranded ____. The sticky ends on restriction fragments from one DNA source can base-pair with complementary sticky ends on fragments from other DNA molecules. Sealing the base-paired fragments with ____ produces r____. DNA restriction fragments of different lengths can be separated by gel electrophoresis. The ____ can amplify (produce many copies of) a specific target segment of DNA, using primers that bracket the desired sequence and a ____ DNA polymerase.

Gene cloning

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