1) What was the first virus shown to cause disease? a) Polio b) Hepatitis c) Tobacco mosaic virus d) Potato blight e) I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II, mark D 2) A bacillus bacterium with a single flagellum at each end is described as: a) Monotrichous b) Amphitrichous c) Lophotrichous d) Peritrichous 3) Saprozoic nutrition is characterized by a) phagocytosis of solid nutrients and subsequent formation of phagocytic vacuoles b) pinocytosis of solid nutrients and subsequent formation of phagocytic vacuoles c) encystment of solid nutrients and subsequent formation of secretory vacuoles d) pinocytosis of soluble nutrients and subsequent formation of phagocytic vacuoles 4) Which of the following is not a function of cysts for Protozoa?4. a) Protect against adverse environments b) Sites for nuclear reorganization and cell division c) Serve as a means of transfer between hosts in parasitic species d) All of the above e) None of the above 5) I- Protozoa , II- Parasitic organisms a) All members of I are members of II and but not all members of II are members of I b) All members of II are members of I and but not all members of I are members of II c) All members of I are members of II and but all members of II are members of I d) No member of I is also a member of II e) Some members of I are members of II and some are not, and some members of II are members of I and some are not. 6) Members of the Protozoa may motile by all of the following methods except6. a) flagella b) gliding by slime secretion c) cilia d) pseudopodia 7) The most common method of sexual reproduction in the Protozoa is by a) conjugation b) gametangial contact c) binary fission d) binary fusion 8) Protozoa have several types of vacuoles. Which of the following describes the function of a phagocytic vacuole? a) Sites of food digestion b) Contain specific enzymes that perform various functions c) Maintain osmotic balance by continuous water expulsion d) Structures that accept male gametes during sexual reproduction e) Sites for photosynthesis 9) Protozoa have several types of vacuoles. Which of the following describes the function of a contractile vacuole? a) maintain osmotic balance by continuous water expulsion b) creates sites of food digestion c) contain specific enzymes that perform various functions d) have sites for photosynthesis 10) I- Planktonic organisms, II- Protozoa a) All members of I are members of II and but not all members of II are members of I and some are not. b) All members of II are members of I and all members of II are members of I and some are not. c) All members of I are members of II and all members of II are members of I and some are not. d) No member of I is also a member of II e) Some members of I are members of II and some are not, and some members of II are members of I and some are not. 11) Members of which phylum of Protozoa are being studied as biological control agents for certain insects because they parasitize insects?11. a) Sarcomastigophora b) Microspora c) Apicomplexa d) Myxozoa 12) Number of motility structures on: I-Flagellated cells, II- Ciliated cells a) I is greater than II b) II is greater than I c) I is exactly or approximately equal to II d) I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II 13) The numbers of nuclear divisions involved in a ciliate undergoing: a) I is greater than II b) II is greater than I c) I is exactly or approximately equal to II d) I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II 14) Organisms with amoeboid cells that move within a network of mucous tracks using a typical gliding motion belong to which phylum of Protozoa? a) Labyinthomorpha b) Microspora c) Apicomplexa d) Myxozoa e) Ciliophora 15) Organisms which have spore-forming stage in their life cycle and lack special locomotory organelles belong to which phylum of Protozoa?15. a) Labyinthomorpha b) Microspora c) Apicomplexa d) Myxozoa e) Ciliophora 16) The length of I- Flagella in flagellates II- Cilia in ciliates a) I is greater than II b) II is greater than I c) I is exactly or approximately equal to II d) I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II 17) Organisms with complex life cycles which include a mammalian host and an insect host and involves schizogony as part of the cycle belong to which phylum of Protozoa? a) Sarcomastigophora b) Microspora c) Apicomplexa d) Myxozoa e) Ciliophora 18) In protozoa that have macro and micronuclei the: I-Macronucleus is diploid and involved in both genetic recombination and regeneration of micronuclei, II- Micronuclei are associated with trophic activities and regeneration processes a) I only is true b) II only is true c) Both I and II are true d) Neither I nor II are true 19) At the time where two cells contact and their pellicles fuse, the macro nuclei are degraded. The micronuclei divide by meiosis but only one haploid nucleus from each micronucleus survives and ultimately divides by mitosis, one nucleus being stationary and the other migratory. The cells exchange migratory nuclei which fuse, undergo mitosis three times. Four of the resulting nuclei fuse to become a macronucleus and one of the remaining 4 remains viable as a micronucleus. The cells separate. This description characterizes20. a) encystation. b) schizogony. c) binary fission. d) excystation. e) conjugation. 20) Holozoic nutrition is characterized by a) phagocytosis of solid nutrients and subsequent formation of phagocytic vacuoles b) pinocytosis of solid nutrients and subsequent formation of phagocytic vacuoles c) phagocytosis of soluble nutrients and subsequent formation of phagocytic vacuoles d) photosynthesis 21) Diatoms are algae, but what other classification can apply to them? a) Zooplankton b) Nekton c) Meroplankton d) d) Phytoplankton 22) What is the main feature of a diatom's shape? a) Tubular b) Branching c) Symmetry d) Diamond 23) The most commonly encountered bacteria are roughly spherical. The microbiological term describing this shape is a) coccus b) bacillus c) pleomorphic 24) Where can you find diatoms in the wild?29. a) Almost anywhere with moisture b) Sea water c) Fresh water d) On plants 25) Another common bacterial shape is that of a rod, often called a) coccus b) Bacillus c) Pleomorphic 26) What is a plasmid? a) Self-replicating segment of double stranded DNA b) Self-replicating segment of single stranded RNA c) A bacterial chromosome 27) In bacterial cells, ribosomes are packed into the aftoplasmic matrix and also loosely attached to the plasma membrane. What is the fuction of ribosomes a) Site of energy production b) Site of protein synthesis c) Site of genetic reproduction 28) Bacteria do not always swim aimlessly but are attracted by such nutrient such as sugar and amino acids, and are repelled by harmful substances and bacterial waste products. Movement toward chemical atteractants and away from repellents is called a) gliding motility. b) tumbling. c) chemotaxis. 29) Gas vesicles in bacteria a) help move cells to optimal nutrient levels. b) store oxygen for growth anaerobically. c) are bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. d) are bounded by a membrane impervious to gas. 30) The importance of Protozoa as:  I – planktonic organisms in aquatic food webs, II – causes of human and animal diseases a) I is greater than II, answer a. b) II is greater than I, answer b. c) I is exactly or approximately equal to II, answer c. d) I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II, answer d. 31) Gram positive cells a) have a second, outer membrane that helps retain the crystal violet stain. b) have multiple layers of peptidoglycan that help retain the crystal violet stain. c) have a thick capsule that traps the crystal violet stain. d) have a periplasmic space that traps the crystal violet. 32) The mitochondria is the site of a) Protein synthesis b) Lipid synthesis c) Energy production 33) I – Chemoorganotrophic heterotrophs II – Protozoa a) All members of I are also members of II, but not all members of II are members of I.  b) All members of II are also members of I, but not all members of I are members of II. of I. c) All members of I are members of II, and all members of II are members d) No member of I is also a member of II.  e) Some members of I are members of II and some are not, and some members of II are members of I and some are not. 34) The outer membrance of Gram negative cells is more permeable than the plasma membrance because a) LPS is larger than most membrane phospholipids. b) lipoproteins stretch the outer membrane. c) porin proteins establish holes in the outer membrane. d) the core polysaccharide spans the lipid bilayer. 35) Fimbriae a) attach bacteria to various surfaces. b) cause bacteria move through fluids. c) sense changes in nutrient concentration. d) are pathways for the secretion of exoenzymes. 36) Which of the following is not true about capsules and slime layers? a) They consist of secreted material lying outside of the bacterial cell wall. b) They can prevent desiccation of bacteria cells. c) They are required for bacteria to grow normally in culture. d) They help bacteria resist phagocytosis by macrophages. 37) All the cells chromosomes are curtained in the cell nucleus for a) Procaryotes only b) Eucaryotes only c) Both procaryotes and eucaryotes 38) How would you be most likely to see diatoms with the naked eye? a) Colonies on the seabed b) You can never see them with the naked eye c) Swimming in schools d) d) Coating a rock or hard surface 39) How do diatoms reproduce? a) Binary fission b) Hermaphrodite within an individual c) Sexually between individuals d) Binary fission and sexually 40) Which of the following is the best definition of generation time? a) The length of time needed for lag phase b) The duration of log phase c) The minimum rate of doubling d) The length of time needed for a cell to divide e) The time needed for nuclear division 41) I – protozoa, II – ciliate organisms a) All members of I are also members of II, but not all members of II are members of I. b) All members of II are also members of I, but not all members of I are members of II. c) All members of I are members of II, and all members of II are members of I. d) No member of I is also a member of II. e) Some members of I are members of II and some are not, and some members of II are members of I and some are not. 42) An enzyme that is always produced, regardless of the presence of substrate of the end products, is called a) constitutive enzyme b) an isoenzyme c) a repressible enzyme d) an allosteric enzyme 43) The enzyme that repairs nicked DNA by forming a photpho die… adjacent nucleotides is a) DNA gyrase b) Helicase c) DNA ligase 44) Viruses require … for growth a) Plants b) Animals c) Bacteria d) Living cells e) Fungi 45) Louis Pastuer’s studies on the unwanted production of acid from beet … the first demonstation that a) Sugars are unstable and can breakdown into either ethanol or acid  b) bacteria can cause specific chemical reactions. c) ethanol is unstable and can convert to acid d) microorganisms can be found in air 46) Enveloped viruses have a … shape58. a) Icosahedral b) Helical c) Hexagonal d) Roughly spherical  e) Complex 47) Which is not true of virions a) contain DNA b) contain RNA c) Are extracellular d) Reproduce independently 48) To which kingdom do the cyanobacteria belong? a) Fungi b) Eubacteria c) Protista d) Plantae e) Animalia 49) DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA in the a) 3' to 5' direction b) 5' to 3' direction 50) Biochemical tests are used to determine a) staining characteristics b) amino acid sequences c) enzymatic activities d) nucleic acid base composition 51) What was one of the first and most useful microscopis tests for for classifying bacteria that is still important today? a) gram stain b) flagella stains c) simple stain d) negative stain for capsule e) metachromatic granule stain 52) Starvation proteins are produced by a culture during which of the following parts of the growth curve? a) lag phase b) exponential phase c) stationary phase d) balanced growth phase e) death phase 53) I – average size of cells during the exponential phase of growth, II – average size of cells during the lag phase of growth a) I is less than II,  b) I is greater than II  c) I is exactly or approximately equal to II, d) I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II, answer d. 54) Who first described microorganisms such a bacteria?67. a) Louis Pasteur b) Robert Koch c) Fannie Hesse d) Anton von Lecuwenhoek 55) Microorganisms belonging to the same … would be expected to have the most charateristics in common with each other a) Order b) Species c) Family d) Kingdom e) Genus 56) I- Protozoa, II- Proceduces oxygen a) All members of I are also members of II, but not all members of II are members of I. b) All members of II are also members of I, but not all members of I are members of II. c) All members of I are members of II, and all members of II are members of I. d) No member of I is also a member of II. e) Some members of I are members of II and some are not, and some members of II are members of I and some are not 57) A protozoan is defined as a) motile procaryotic unicellular protist. b) motile eucaryotic unicellular protist. c) motile eucaryotic unicellular photosynthetic protist. d) D)motile eucaryotic multicellular protist. e) E)non motile eucaryotic unicellular protist. 58) Organisms are parasitic and have a resistant spore with one to six coiled polar filaments belong to which phylum of Protozoa? a) Sarcomastigophora. b) Labyinthomorpha c) Apicomplexa d) Mухоzoa e) Ciliophora 59) Most anaerobic protozoa: I-have no mitochondria,  II-can form hydrogen gas a) I only is true. b) II only is true. c) Both I and II are true. d) Neither I nor II are true.

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