nucleus  - very small volume at the centre of an atom that contains all the protons and neutrons, and so concentrates nearly all the mass of an atom, penetrating power  - measure of how far different types of radiation can pass into different types of material, plum pudding model  - early model of the structure of an atom, which suggested that an atom was a solid sphere of positive electric charge with negatively charged electrons in it, proton  - a particle inside the nucleus in all atoms; protons have a positive electric charge, radiation  - energy given out in the form of electromagnetic waves or as moving particles; e.g. in radioactive beta decay a nucleus emits high-speed electrons, and the Sun radiates electromagnetic waves including visible light, radioactivity  - process in which particles or energy are produced by the reactions of unstable atomic nuclei, radiotherapy  - the use of ionising radiation to kill cancer cells or reduce the size of a tumour, random (radioactive decay)  - process in which the time of each particular event cannot be predicted, although a trend or average can be measured across many events; e.g., the decay of a radioactive element, repulsion  - force that acts between two objects that tends to push them further apart, e.g., the force that arises between two positive electric charges, sievert  - SI unit of radiation dose, symbol Sv, tracer  - a radioactive substance that is put into the body or fluid (such as in a pipe), so that the path of the substance can be followed by monitoring the radiation it emits,

Radioactivity GCSE Glossary 4

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