Chromosome - A structure found in the nuclei of cells. Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule packed up with proteins., diploid - A cell or nucleus that has two sets of chromosomes. In humans, almost all cells except the sperm and egg cells are diploid., DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid. A polymer made of sugar and phosphate groups joined to bases. One molecule of DNA is found in each chromosome., gamete - A haploid cell used for sexual reproduction., meiosis - A form of cell division in which one parent cell produces four haploid daughter cells., mitosis - A form of cell division in which one parent cell produces two diploid daughter cells., zygote - Another term for ‘fertilised egg cell’., base (in DNA) - Four substances that help make up DNA, often shown by the letters A, C, G and T. Pairs of bases form ‘links’ between two ‘spines’ formed of phosphate groups and a type of sugar., complementary base pair - Two DNA bases that fit into each other and link by hydrogen bonds. There are two types of complementary base pair: A linking with T, and C linking with G., double helix - Two helices joined together., thymine - One of four bases found in DNA. Often written as T., cytosine - One of four bases found in DNA. Often written as C.,

genetics L2 DNA

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