Formation of a new species from pre-existing species // through evolution., Allopatric speciation, Formation of new species occurs within a population/speciation that are separated geographically, Reproductive isolating mechanisms. Genetic drift. Hybridization. Adaptive radiation, i) Bottleneck effect occurs when there is a sudden decrease/ decrease drastically in the original population size due to natural disaster// occurs in small surviving population after an environmental disaster, ii) The small surviving population will have different gene pool / allele frequencies from the original (large) population//certain allele maybe overpresented, underpresented or eliminated., iii) There will be a change and loss of genetic variability., i) Founder effect occurs when a small population is isolated/migrated from a larger /original/parent population., ii) The new, smaller population becomes pioneer individuals which may have different gene pool from the original population, iii) After a few generations, the gene pool/ allele frequencies of the new population will differ/not the same from the original/parent population..

Speciation

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