1) a clinical psychologist carefully investigates the client's current life situation and his physical, social-cultural, and educational history. Which research method has the psychologist used? a) survey b) experimentation c) case study d) naturalistic observation e) correlation 2) Surveys indicate that people are much less likely to support "welfare" than "aid to the needy." These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of: a) random sampling b) wording effect c) the placebo effect d) naturalistic observation e) hindsight bias 3) To learn about the TV viewing habits of all the children attending Oakbridge School, Professor DeVries randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the school's students. In this instance, the children participating in the survey are considered to be a(n): a) population b) independent variable c) random assignment d) control condition e) representative sample 4) A correlation coefficient is a measure of the: a) Frequency of scores at each level of some measure b) Statistical significance of a difference between two sample means c) Direction and strength of the relationship between two variables d) Average squared deviation of scores from a sample mean e) Difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution 5) The American Psychological Association and British Psychological Society have developed ethical principles urging investigators to: a) Avoid the use of monetary incentives in recruiting people to participate in research b) Forewarn potential research participants of the exact hypotheses that the research will test c) Avoid the manipulation of independent variables in research involving human participants d) Explain the research to the participants after the study has been completed e) Increase the difficulty level of research endeavors while maintaining validity 6) Alexander has been asked to participate in a research study on his college campus. When he refuses, his professor and director of the study informs him that his grade in the class will be affected and he will not be able to pass the class if he does not participate. What ethical violation is the professor demonstrating? a) Coercion b) Informed consent c) Deception d) Debriefing e) Confidentiality 7) What is an institutional review board? a) An independent review board that looks at the quality of the research being conducted in a particular college or university. b) A national, independent review board that looks at an institution's research proposals for ethical flaws. c) An American Psychological Association committee that reviews all university and high school projects d) A committee that must be established at any institution conducting research that meets to determine if a research proposal is ethical or poses any risks to those involved. e) A survey conducted after an experiment has been conducted to make sure no ethical guidelines were violated. 8) Dr. Thompson surveyed baby boomers living in Montgomery, Alabama, on political attitudes and emotional intelligence. Her survey yielded a positive correlation between the two variables so she wrote a book forecasting the the results of future national elections. Her manuscript was rejected by all major publishers citing flawed research methods. Why was her research rejected?  a) The Hawthorne Effect b) The placebo effect c) A positively skewed distribution d) A negatively skewed distribution e) Sampling error 9) An extensive survey revealed that children with relatively high self-esteem tend to picture God as kind and loving, whereas those with lower self-esteem tend to perceive God as angry. The researchers concluded that the children's self-esteem had apparently influenced their views of God. This conclusion best illustrates the danger of: a) Perceiving order in random events b) Generalizing from extreme examples c) Randomly sampling children's views d) Exaggerating the extent to which others share our beliefs e) Assuming that correlation proves causation 10) Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received a potentially memory-enhancing drug and which have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of: a) Naturalistic observation b) The hindsight bias c) Random sampling d) The double-blind procedure e) Replication

Unit 2 Research Methods - Ady Grant

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