The ____ system is a group of ____ that manages the computer's ____. These include the following functions: Providing a user ____ ____ management Peripheral ____ ____ management ____ management Providing a user interfaceThe user interface is the way in which we interact with computer ____. We are all familiar with the way a desktop computer works: ____ icons with the mouse, scrolling up and down pages, typing into forms, etc. This is called a ____ user interface. WIMP stands for Windows, Icons, ____ and Pointers. Mobile ____ and tablet PCs have a slightly different user interface which allows you to move ____ and windows by swiping the screen with your ____ and which can sense when you change the ____ of the device. Phones have controls that perform ____ functions such as recording sounds or taking a photograph. Some computer ____ are embedded in everydaymachines such as cars and ____ heating controls. User interact with these in different ways and the operating systems have to provide appropriate user ____. Some ____ have a command-line interace; no ____ or menus, just a text prompt where the user types a command. Before Windows came along with its graphical user interface (GUI) in the ____, PCs used this type of interface. Advanced computer users sometimes perfer a simple and direct means of controlling a program or operating system and MS ____ still provides access to a command line interface. Whatever method is used for the user to ____ with a computer or computerised device, it is the operating system that provides these ____. Memory managementWhen a program is running it must be in the computer's ____ memory, and the operating system must manage where in memory each ____ and the data it needs will go. Most ____ are capable of holding several programs in memory at the same time, so that a user can ____ from one ____ to another. A computer that is capable of switching rapidly between ____ tasks is known as a multi-tasking computer. When you start up a program (say, a ____ program or any application software such as ____ or Excel), the memory manager allocates it ____ blocks of free space in main memory. It also ____ memory for any data file that you open such as the essay you are ____ on in Word. When the program ____ or no longer needs the the data in previosly allocated memory ____, the memory management system frees up that ____ for reuse. Peripheral management Peripherals are any computer ____ components that are not part of thr CPU. This includes input, output and storage ____. For some of these, the term peripheral makes sense; the ____ and monitor, for example, ____ outside the computer casing, but storage is not so ____. Although a hard diak is usually inside the computer ____, it is still considered a peripheral as it is outside the CPU (____ and main memory). Storage devices such as portable hard disks, memory sticks and CDs are also ____. A function of the the ____ system is to manage these devices. When a user gives an ____ to print , the peripheral management function takes over controls the sending of the data to be ____ from memory to the device driver. (Each input or output device has its own driver - a smallprogram that acts as an interface between the ____ and the device. An HP ____, for example, will have ____ device drivers for a PC and a Mac, and the correct ____ has to be installed so that the computer can ____ with the printer.) Meanwhile, the user can carry on editing their document in ____ or whatever they were doing. ____ is used to compensate for the difference in ____ between the rate that data is received for printing or streaming and the ____ at which it can be printed or streamed. A data ____ is an area of RAM controlled by the operating system or ____ management systems. When you give a command to print a document, for example, all or part of the data to be printed is copied to the ____ buffer, and the print management system ____ the data from the buffer and sends it to ____ printer. If the buffer is not big enough to hold all the data, the ____ will be refilled during printing as space becomes available. Line managementUser management enables a network ____ to allocate accounts and set different access rights for different ____. The software can also identify all the users ____ on the network, manually log out users and ____ when and for how long each user is ____ in over a period of time. The user management ____ allows the administrator to set default logout times ____ on inactivity. Why might a network manager want to know when and for how ____ each user is logged in over a period of time? The information may be useful when ____ expansion of the network to cater for an ____ in users. It may also be useful if illegal activity is suspected, to monitor who is logged on at ____ times, and for how long. Midnight ____ may be ____! FIle managementA file system is normally ____ into folders and subfolders for easy user navigation and usage. These ____ contain files which could be software programs, databases, documents and many other typesof file. File ____ systems: enable a user to create, name, ____, modify, copy, delete and move files enable a user to ____ for a particular file keep track of location of files on disk or ____ storage device so that they can be ____ when needed keep track of the ____ space on disk where files can be ____ enable users to restore ____ files prevent ____ when two users on a ____ attempt to modify the same file maintain access rights to files

Plenary 4.3 - Operating systems

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