1) What is Backchannel Communication? a) Opening channels of communication b) Disagreement in conversation c) Being polite d) Giving & receiving feedback in a conversation e) Being aggressive in conversation f) Speaking 2) The process by which the topic, or the subject, of the conversation is controlled. a) Topic control b) Topic Management c) Subject Matter d) Changing subject matter e) Dominating a conversation f) Content 3) Words or phrases that soften the force of what is being said. a) Being uncooperative b) Incomplete language c) Aggressive language d) Minor sentence e) Using concrete nouns f) Hedge 4) Expressions that only make sense in context. a) Adverb b) Changing topic in conversation c) Being supportive d) Using abstract nouns e) Deictic Expression f) Listening to others 5) Where a speaker misses out words such as asking “Coming?” rather than “Are you coming?" a) Ellipsis b) Discourse Marker c) Being supportive d) Backchanneling e) Elision f) Context 6) An expression in the middle of a conversation that indicates the structure of the conversation or a change in topic, such as saying “so” or “anyway” a) Positive Face b) Discourse Marker c) Adverbs d) Phatic expression e) Pseudo-Agreement f) Persuasive Language 7) Small talk, everyday "chit-chat" such as "Hi, how are you?", "Good weekend?" a) Aggravated imperatives b) Nouns c) FTA d) Verbs e) Deictic Expressions f) Phatic Expressions 8) The way in which the language is spoken such as volume, speed, intonation and stress. a) Prosodic Elements b) FTA c) Accents d) Topic Cycle e) Persuasive techniques f) Adjectives 9) When one person talks over the other person in a supportive manner (usually to agree). a) Unco-operative Overlapping b) Mitigated language c) Co-operative Overlapping d) FTA e) Clause f) Service Encounter 10) Shifting your language style downward which may be moving from RP to a regional accent. a) Upward Convergence b) Downward Divergence c) Adjacency Pair d) Asymmetrical Exchange e) Power f) Downward Convergence 11) Any word or expression that is usually used in informal, chatty situations such as "telly". a) Deictic Expression b) Persuasive language c) Verb d) Colloquial Form e) Aggravated imperative f) Noun 12) A clause, often used parenthetically (as if in brackets), to express the speaker’s attitude. a) Mitigated imperative b) Divergence c) Elision d) Adjacency Pair e) Ellipsis f) Comment Clause 13) Two linked utterances such as greetings or farewells or an apology and acceptance or a question and answer. a) Asymmetrical Exchange b) Adjacency Pair c) Adjective d) Convergence e) Adverb f) Divergence 14) Features other than the language itself which help to communicate meaning, including body language and hand gestures. a) Paralinguistic Features b) Clause c) Opening Sequence d) Sounds e) Prosodic Elements f) Face 15) All features that reveal the spontaneity of unscripted speech and affect its fluency. These include pauses/micro pauses, hesitations, false starts. a) Asymmetrical Exchange b) Non-Fluency Features c) Fluent language d) Backchannel Communication e) Topic Loop f) Adjacency Pairs 16) A question added on at the end of a sentence (“you do understand, don’t you?). a) Turn Taking b) Facilitative talk c) Nouns d) Tag Question e) Phrases f) Clauses 17) A polite command: "would you mind opening the door?" a) Aggravated Imperative b) Face c) Borrowing d) Listening carefully e) Mitigated Imperative f) A command 18) The process by which one speaker speaks and then someone else does. a) Turns b) Turn Taking c) Using adverbs d) Backchannelling e) Cooperative Overlaps f) Uncooperative overlaps 19) The process whereby a speaker avoids saying “no”. a) Agreement b) Principles c) Pseudo-Agreement d) Positive Face e) Politeness f) Negative Face 20) A conversation or speech situation in which one speaker is much more powerful/in control than others. a) Adjacency Pair b) Ellipsis c) Asymmetrical Exchange d) Face e) Being powerful f) Elision 21) Convergence (shifting your language style upwards which may be moving from using your own regional accent to a more socially prestigious RP) a) Downward Convergence b) Asymmetry c) FTA d) Adverbs e) Discourse Marker f) Upward Convergence 22) When one person talks over another in an attempt to regain the floor or to disagree with the speaker (often in arguments). a) Unco-operative Overlapping b) Hedge c) Backchannel Communication d) Discourse Marker e) Noun f) Co-operative Overlapping 23) Words used to address a listener when talking to them: “Jim, what do you want?”. a) Adjacency Pair b) Vocative c) Simultaneous Speech d) Proper Noun e) Verb f) Noun 24) The idea that we often seek to be polite when we talk, either by trying not to impose on others. a) The Politeness Principle b) Being aggressive c) Upward Divergence d) Face e) Downward Convergence f) FTA 25) Maintaining politeness while expressing a different/independent point of view which is sometimes negative/opposing. a) Negative Face b) FTA c) Conjunctions d) FSA e) Positive Face f) Nouns 26) Where the speaker identifies her/himself with the listener(s) as in “we both agree”. a) Inclusive Pronoun b) Verb c) Preposition d) Noun e) Adjective f) Exclusive pronoun 27) A term used to describe speech in conversation rather than sentence. a) Sentence b) Utterance c) Negative Face d) Clause e) Backchannelling f) Positive Fce 28) Being complimentary, or trying to be more inclusive/communal with language a) Negative Face b) FTA c) Noun d) FSA e) Preposition f) Positive Face 29) A blunt command like "stop now!" a) Mitigated Imperative b) Command c) Persuasive Language d) Pause e) Aggravated Imperative f) Non-Fluency Feature 30) The speaker separates her/himself from the listener(s) by using "you" or "I" a) Inclusive Pronoun b) Pronoun c) Adverb d) Verb e) Adjective f) Exclusive Pronoun 31) When speakers co-operate ( the co-operative principle) by observing certain laws or maxims. a) Grice's rules b) Grice's principles c) Phonological rules d) The Politeness Principle e) Grice's Maxims f) Grammatical rules 32) When we defend, or explain, our position and maintain our self-image/reputation. a) FSA b) Negative Face c) Face Work d) Positive Face e) Challenging Face f) FTA 33) The process by which we make sense of seemingly irrelevant answers to questions such as “Where’s the Post Office?” “It’s Sunday”. a) Pun b) Implicature c) Verb d) Suggestion e) Double Meaning f) Preposition 34) When we confront someone and challenge them. a) FSA b) FTA c) Face Work d) Positive Face e) Implicature f) Negative Face

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