Podzol: iron pan, ash grey A horizon, glacial till, sandy textured A horizon, clay textured B horizon, few biota, mor humus, needles and cones, clear horizons, leaching, coniferous vegetation, shallow root system, steep slopes, Brown Earth: thick mull humus, fertile soil, lots of soil biota e.g. worms, dark brown topsoil, lighter brown B horizon, merged horizons, leaf litter in autumn, deep root system, well weathered bedrock, well aerated soil, loamy textured topsoil, lighter clay subsoil, gentle slopes, Gley: very slow decay, freeze thaw mixing, very thin black acidic humus layer, blue-grey subsoil, waterlogged, anaerobic, short grasses, gleying, red mottling, impermeable subsoil, flat land, little weathering of parent material,

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