Criminal Case - A court case in which a person is accused of breaking a criminal law, Civil Case - A court case involving disputes over money or property between individuals or business, Plaintiff - the person or company filing the complaint in a civil lawsuit, Prosecution - The government's side in a criminal case, Defendant - A person accused of a crime in a court case, Original Jurisdiction - The authority of a court to be the first court to hold Trials in certain kinds of cases, Appellate Jurisdiction - The authority of some courts to review decisions made by lower courts, Appeal - The right of a convicted person to ask a higher Court to review his or her case, District Court - A lower federal court that has original jurisdiction in most cases involving federal laws, Court of Appeals - A federal court that reviews decisions appealed from district courts, Circuit - The Judicial District covered by Court of Appeals, Precedent - earlier Court decision that guides judges decisions and later cases, Judicial review - The power of the US Supreme Court to determine if a law passed by Congress or a presidential action is in agreement with the Constitution, Judicial Activism - An effort by judges to make an active role in policy-making by overturning laws relatively often, Judicial Restraint - An effort by judges to avoid overturning laws in and to leave policy-making up to the other two branches of government, Opinion - A written statement by the US Supreme Court explain his reasoning behind a decision, Dissenting Opinion - A statement written by a Supreme Court Justice who disagrees with the majority's decision, Concurring Opinion - A statement written by a Supreme Court Justice who agrees with the majority's decision but for a different reason., Majority Opinion - A written statement that presents the views of the majority of supreme court justices regarding a case and shows how the law is to be applied,

Chapter 10 Judicial Branch

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