Rip Rap - Large boulders placed at the foot of a cliff. They break the waves and absorb their energy., Sea Wall - Concrete walls that are placed at the foot of a cliff to prevent erosion. They are curved to reflect the energy back into the sea., Groynes - Wooden or rock structures built out at right angles into the sea to trap longshore drift., Gabions - Rocks are held in mesh cages and placed in areas affected by erosion., Managed Retreat - Areas are purposely flooded to allow mudflats and salt marshes to build up., Beach Replenishment - Sand is pumped onto an existing beach to build it up. Sand is sourced from elsewhere. , Beach Recycling - Sand is moved from one end of the beach to the other to redistribute sand to where it needs to be. , Beach Reprofiling/slope stabalisation - The sediment is redistributed from the lower part of the beach to the upper part of the beach to make a steeper slope. Sometimes Marram grass is planted too. ,

Coastal Defences

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