Destructive waves - _____________ waves are created in storm conditions. They are created from big, strong waves when the wind is powerful and has been blowing for a long time. They occur when wave energy is high and the wave has travelled over a long fetch. They tend to erode the coast., Constructive wave  - ______________ waves are flat and low in height and have a long wavelength. Their strong swash carries material up the beach, forming a berm. They have a low frequency of between 6 and 8 waves per minute. The wave energy dissipates over a wide area which results in a weak backwash., Cliff - Formed by the action of waves on rock. The power of the waves erodes softer rock, leaving the more durable rock behind., Gorge - Some caves can be hundreds of metres long. Waves entering long caves can wear away the roof, causing it to collapse and forming a deep __________., Cave - As waves approach the coast they tend to bend around headlands and islands and attack them from the side in a process known as refraction. When waves encounter a weak spot in the cliff (such as a section of soft limestone) they wear away the rock. They create a small opening, which is soon enlarges into a _________., Stack - As the soft rock of arches is eroded by the destructive waves, the rock above the arches eventually falls into the sea leaving behind _________ – vertical columns – of rock., Headland  - Some sections of the coastline are made up of harder rock than other sections. These can resist the energy of the destructive waves longer than the softer parts and remain as ____________ high, rocky outcrops of land., Arch - As waves erode the back of a cave they may penetrate right through the headland and produce an _______. Waves may pass through the _______, eroding the sides and top., Bay - The softer parts of a coastline wear away more quickly than headlands and become ________., Sand dune - A ____________ is a mound of sand formed by the wind, usually along the beach or in a desert. Dunes form when wind blows sand into a sheltered area behind an obstacle., Spit - ________, in geology, narrow coastal land formation that is tied to the coast at one end., Tombolo - A narrow piece of land made of sediment such as sand or gravel that connects an island to the mainland or another island.,

Coastal Landforms - Vocabulary Matching Task

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