1) Which of these theories claims that myths arises from accounts of real historical events? a) Euhemerism b) Allegory c) Rationalism d) Structuralism 2) Which is not a meaning of the Greek word mythos? a) speech b) tale c) story d) fiction 3) What is an important element in defining saga or legend? a) It must have no relationship to history. b) It must contain elements of folktale. c) It has a perceptible relationship to history. d) It should contain a high moral content. 4) What is the name of an interpretation of myth that sought to rationalize it by claiming that the gods were originally powerful men? a) Allegory b) Euhemerism c) structuralism d) psychoanalysis 5) To whom is attributed the theory of the archetype? a) Freud b) Jung c) Bandura d) Piaget 6) Which statement corresponds most closely to Lévi-Strauss' approach to myth? a) Myths have a historical dimension. b) Myth enshrines ritual practices. c) Myth strives to resolve binary opposites. d) Myth arises from the collective unconscious. 7) Who is the single most important source for classical mythology after Homer? a) Herodotus b) Ovid c) Vergil d) Euripides 8) He is known as a Ruler of the Olympian and is respected as protector of the Greeks. a) Hephaestus b) Zeus c) Hades d) Poseidon 9) During the Titanomachy, Zeus freed his brother and sister from father Uranus. As a result, the brothers and sisters gave Zeus the honor for being their leader. Thus, earning the right to rule the sky. What does this show about the Greeks?  a) The Greeks value heroism  b) The Greeks value respect c) The Greeks value honor d) All of the above 10)  Birth, death and after life are constant stories in the mythologies of the world. What universal idea about life is reflected in using these motifs?In Greek mythology, the universe was said to have started with Chaos. Out of Chaos emerged Gaea, the goddess who represents the earth, Tartarus, representing the land of the dead, and Eros who represented desire. What can be said about the early Greeks regarding their belief about creation? a) That life has a beginning and end b) That life is never ending cycle c) That life is impermanent d) That life  is lived only once 11) In Greek mythology, the universe was said to have started with Chaos. Out of Chaos emerged Gaea, the goddess who represents the earth, Tartarus, representing the land of the dead, and Eros who represented desire. What can be said about the early Greeks regarding their belief about creation? a) The early Greeks understand the concept of creation b) The early Greeks associated creation in weaving stories of mythology c) The early Greeks understand the importance of understanding the logic of creation d) The early Greeks believe that creation is a product of mythology 12) The middle ages reflected these mythological creatures as symbol of purity. They are shown even in modern films as representation of love and beauty. a) Trolls b) Dragons c) Kappa d) Unicorns 13) One of the most popular love stories in Greek mythology is the story of Cupid and Psyche. Psyche’s undying love and devotion to her husband earned the respect of the Gods. What was Psyche’s mistake that nearly broke up her marriage? a) Psyche had an affair. b) Psyche defied her husband by looking at his face in the middle of the night c) Psyche listened to the evil suggestion of her sisters to leave her husband. d) Psyche stopped loving her husband. 14) The gods and goddesses of world mythology, in most cases, act like human beings. What term can be best used to refer to their characteristic? a) Anthropomorphic b) Ethereal c) God-like d) Anthropocentrism 15) Apollo was the god of sun and poetry. He has mastered the craft of prophesy and earned the reference as the god who mostly reflected of Zeus. What is his Roman name? a) Mars b) Neptune c) Jupiter d) Apollo 16) The following are theories which could be adapted to study the different myths EXCEPT1; a) Jungian archetypes b) Structuralism c) Evolutionism d) Feminism 17) She is the wife of Zeus and considered as the goddess of fertility and of the Earth. a) Hera b) Athena  c) Aphrodite d) Artemio 18) A story, presented as historical, dealing with the cosmological and supernatural traditions of a people, their gods,culture, heroes, religious beliefs. a) Myth b) Mythology c) Legend d) Folklore 19) The scientific collection and study of myths; study of the beliefs of mankind. a) Myth b) Mythology c) Folklore d) Folktales 20) In Greek Mythology Who Is The First Women On Earth; Who Opened Box Containing All Human Ills? a) Pandora b) Freya c) Juventus d) Indira 21) In Norse Mythology , who is the goddess of night And love? a) Pandora b) Freya c) Juventus d) Indira 22) Which day is named after Frigga, the Queen of Odin in Norse Mythology? a) Monday b) Friday c) Tuesday d) Sunday 23) Aphrodite is to Venus as Poseidon is to: a) Vulcan b) Neptune c) Pluto d) Jupiter 24) The Greek and Roman names which do NOT belong together are: a) Juno and Artemis b) Minerva and Athena c) Vesta and Hestia d) Mercury and Hermes 25) This is the mythological home of the Greek gods. a) Mt. Oedipus b) Mt. Zion c) Mt. Olympus d) Mt. Saint Helens 26) He is the most popular god among the Scandinavians during the Viking Age. He is portrayed as unrelentingly pursuing his foes and with his mountain-crashing thunderous hammer Mjolnir in hand. a) Thor b) Odin c) Loki d) Frigg 27) The wise All father in Norse myths, comparable to Zeus, is a) Thor b) Odin c) Loki d) Frigg 28) In Norse mythology, dwarfs often act as earthen smiths whereas beings described as jotnar, thursar, and troll are glossed as_______. a) Elves b) Perching Hawks c) Deities d) Giants 29) It is the body of myths of the North Germanic peoples stemming from paganism, and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia and into the Scandinavian folklore of the modern period. a) Greek Mythology b) Norse Mythology c) Celtic Mythology d) Mesopotamian Myth 30) According to the Norse creation myth, what is Earth made from? a) The body of Ymir b) The horns of Audumla c) The blood of Ymir d) The body of Bor 31) What is the purpose of the Yggdrasil? a) to serve the Aesir b) to hold all the 9 worlds together c) to engage in the great final battle d) to create new worlds in its branches 32) The Bifrost Bridge connects these two important realms. a) Asgard and Midgard b) Anaheim and Los Angeles c) Jotunheim and Alfheim d) Niflheim and Asgard 33) She is goddess of winter, the hunt, and righteous anger. She is also the archetype for the first Santa Claus. a) Skadi b) Freya c) Hela d) Frigga 34) Thor's hammer and his symbol is called___. a) Mjölnir b) Draupnir c) Hhringhorni d) Skidbladnir 35) The Last Great Battle, for which the gods constantly prepare, is called a) Armageddon b) Ragnarok c) Ratatosk d) Gungnir 36) Which of the following countries was not colonized or inhabited by the Norsemen? a) Italy b) Finland c) Denmark d) Norway 37) The first man and woman in the Norse creation myth were: a) Odin and Bestla b) Ash and Elder c) Ask and Embla d) Thor and Sif 38) In Norse Mythology, she hung a snake above Loki so that the venom would drip on his face. a) Skadi b) Skaddy c) Sigyn d) Freya 39) Which of the following is NOT true of Loki? a) He stole Sif's hair b) He threw the dart that killed Baldur c) He had his mouth sewn together d) He is bound in a cave until Ragnarok 40) Where did all mighty Norse warriors hope to go after death? a) Valhalla b) Midgard c) Niflheim d) Muspelheim 41) What did the Norse call the fiery region to the south of their world? a) Valhalla b) Midgard c) Niflheim d) Muspelheim 42) What happened when the Muspel collided with the frozen world to the north known as the Niflheim? a) creation of all life b) end of the world c) all men turned to gods d) chaos exist  43) What was the first animal, created to accompany and nourish Ymir? a) sheep b) goat c) cow d) carabao 44) Who kills Ymir and creates the rest of the world? a) Zeus b) Odin c) Balder d) Thor 45) What does Odin use to form the first two humans? a) logs b) rocks c) apples d) bamboo 46) What was the name of the heavenly home of the gods? a) Hel b) Asgard c) Midgard d) Niflheim 47) What was Ragnarok? a) hell b) nectar of the gods c) demons d) terrible battle 48) Which of these novels bears a strong resemblance to a common Norse myth? a) Lord of the Rings b) The Great Gatsby c) Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" d) Game of Thrones 49) Hera was the Olympic queen of the gods and the goddess of women, the sky, marriage and the heavenly stars. Which three animals often accompany her in ancient depictions? a) Angelfish, swan and ram b) Goat, tiger and bonobo c) Eagle, tiger and swan d) Hawk, lion and cuckoo 50) In Greek mythology, most gods and goddesses possessed a birth mother. One goddess in particular, however, did not—she instead sprang full-grown from Zeus' forehead. Who is she? a) Hecate b) Athena c) Aphrodite d) Hera 51)  Mount Olympus housed the most powerful council in the land. Do you know how many gods lived on Mount Olympus? a) 7 b) 36 c) 12 d) 11 52) Although the bulk of ancient Grecian tales explore the lives of the 12 Olympian gods, there are many more minor ones to remember. Name the Greek goddess of the rainbow? a) Flora b) Aphrodite c) Iris d) Hera 53) According to some ancient Grecian tales, the goddess Hera restored her virginity each year. How did she do this? a) By sacrificing one mortal b) By banishing her former lovers to the underworld c) With the power of her mind d) By bathing in the spring of Kanathos 54) Which of these names describes both the god of the Underworld and the home of the dead in Greek myth? a) Heracles b) Achilles c) Ares d) Hades 55) One of these gods cruelly kidnapped Persephone, the goddess of vegetation. Who was it? a) Hades b) Tartarus c) Heracles d) Dionysus 56) According to Homer's "Iliad," which of these men was the greatest of all Greek warriors and a key hero in the Trojan War? a) Achilles b) Prometheus c) Hector d) Perseus 57) Zeus was not the only god who could assume the form of a creature. What shape did Poseidon take in order to give life to Pegasus? a) A bull b) A stallion c) An ox d) A deer 58) Apollo loved this young, beautiful man, he accidentally killed him. Who is he? a) Hyacinthus b) Silenus c) Cyparissus d) Perseus 59) Which of these describes the fearsome monster of Crete, which possessed the body of a man and a head of a bull? a) Minotaur b) Chimera c) Hydra d) Typhon 60) In Greek mythology, evil persisted in even the most fantastical of realms. How did Hesiod explain the presence of evil in the world? a) Through the story of Hercules b) Through the parable of the scale c) Through the myth of Pandora d) Through the existence of humanity

EL 112 PRELIM EXAM (2022-2023)

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