Waves erode the weakest part of the cliff where there is a small crack in the rock, Hydraulic action and abrasion erode the crack to form a cave, When two caves erode back from either side of the headland to meet, This forms an arch, Chemical and biological weathering affect the top of the arch, Weathering and erosion cause the arch to collapse, This forms a stump, This is eroded further by wind and water through hydraulic action and abrasion, As erosion continues, this will leave a stump.

Year 10 - Coasts formation revision

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