Tranter - Decline in infectious diseases reduced death rate, McKeown - Improved nutrition led to decreased death rate, Multiculturalism - shallow diversity - Acceptance of separate cultural diversity on a superficial level only, Harper - Female education has led to reduction in birth rate, Multiculturalism - deep diversity - Aspects of cultural diversity not accepted by state, Ehrenreich & Hochschild - Women from poor countries carrying out domestic, care and sex work in western countries, Male life expectancy 1900 - 50, Female life expectancy 1900 - 57, Male life expectancy 2013 - 90.7, Female life expectancy 2013 - 94, Radical longevity - Tens of thousands of people aged 100+, Walker - People in the poorest areas of England die 7 years earlier on average, Hirsch - Traditional age pyramid is disappearing and being replaced by more or less equal blocks, Structure Dependency - excluding the old from paid work so they are economically dependent, Dependency Ratio - The number of working people per dependent, Phillipson - Old are of no use to capitalism as not in prodcution, Hunt - Old can choose identity and lifestyle, Pilcher - Choice for the elderly is dependent on class and gender, Age Concern 2004 - More age discrimination is reported than any other form of discrimination, Hybrid identity - Identity made up of 2 or more sources (Eade), Transnational Identity - Hylland-Eriksen - do not view self as belonging completely to one culture or country, Assimilation (Castles) - Adopting language, values and norms of host country to make them 'like us', marks out minority groups as 'other' and can lead to minorities emphasising differences, Irish - Largest UK immigrant group from 1900-1945, Carribbean - Largest UK immigrant group in 1950s, Indian subcontintent & East African Asians - Largest UK immigrant group in 1960-70s, Super-diversity (Vertovec) - Migrants from a wide variety of countries and cultures within countries, Robin Cohen - Class differences between immigrants, Denizens - Privileged foreign nationals, Helots - Reserve Army of Labour (unskilled workers, may be illegally trafficked / modern day slavery), Citizens - Full citizenship rights (incl voting + benefits),

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