Commensalism - Symbiotic interaction where one species benefits while the other species neither benefits or is harmed, Competition - Symbiotic relationship where two individuals (...within a species or between species) vie for the same resources, Mutualism - Symbiotic interactions where two species benefit from each other, Density-Dependent Factors - Restriction on the growth of a population related to or affected by the number of organisms in a given space (density) of that population, Density-Independent Factors - Restriction on the growth of a population not related to density (e.g., natural disasters such as a forest fire or flood), Food Chain - Simple eating relationship among a group of organisms, where one organism, like a plant, is the food source for the next organism (e.g., deer), Food Web - Complex trophic relationship among a group of organisms, consisting of interactions among multiple food chains, Habitat - Physical environment where a population of a single species lives, Natural Selection - Process by which traits that increase the likelihood of an individual's survival in a population of organisms become more common through the carriers' continued reproduction (i.e., passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring), Niche - Organism's role in an ecosystem, Parasitism - Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other organism is harmed (e.g., individual lives on a host organism making the host ill), Population - Group of organisms of the same species living in the same geographic area, Population Density - Concentration of organisms in a given area, Predation - Species interaction where one organism (i.e., predator) consumes another organism (i.e., prey), Succession - Compositional change in an ecological community over time, Trophic Level - Description of the position occupied by an organism in a food chain or food web, Keystone Species - A species in a community that has an effect on the community larger than one would expect based on the population size of that species, Autotroph - Living organism that makes its own food by converting simple inorganic molecules into complex organic compounds, Heterotroph - Organisms that obtain their nutrients by consuming other organisms, Herbivore - Organism that all eats plants tissue to attain its energy needs, Carnivore - Organism that only eats animal tissue to attain its energy requirements, Omnivore - Organism that eats tissue from both plants and animals to attain its energy needs, Detritivore - Organism that consumes decomposing organic matter to obtain nutrients, Community - Group of two or more populations of organisms from different species inhabiting the same location at the same time, Resource Partitioning - Situation that occurs when organisms occupying the same niche find a way to divide their niche and coexist,

Grade 9 Academic Science - Ecology #2

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