gravitational field strength - gravitational force per unit mass, momentum - product of mass and velocity - mmeasure of an object's tendency to continue in its current state of motion, conservation of momentum - in the absence of net external forces, the total momentum before an interaction(collision or explosion) is equal to the total momentum after OR the momentum of an isolated system is conserved, elastic collision - collision in which kinetic energy is conserved, inelastic collision - collision in which kinetic energy decreases - is is lost from the system in other forms (heat and sound), explosion - interaction whereby kinetic energy increases, impulse - change in momentum when a given force acts over a given time - equal to product of average force and time that it acts, Newton's universal law of gravitation - gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their separation, frame of reference - system of coordinate axes and synchronised clocks that enable uniques specification of an event in space and time, Einstein's first postulate (SR) - The laws of Physics are the same in all inertial frames, Einstein's second postulate (SR) - The speed of light in a vacuum is the same in all inertial frames, time dilation - The difference in time interval as measured by a stationary observer and a moving observer, length contraction - The difference in length as measure by a stationary observer and an observer moving parallel to the length being measured , doppler effect - apparent change in frequency of a wave caused by relative motion between the source and the observer, Hubble's Law - Recessional velocity of galaxy is proportional to the distance of the galaxy from Earth, dark matter - matter that does not interact with EM radiation and is responsible for the observed rotational velocity of galaxies being greater than would be predicted based on visible matter, dark energy - energy responsible for the increasing rate of expansion of the universe, velocity - rate of change of displacement, acceleration - rate of change of velocity, slingshot effect - use of relative motion (e.g. orbital motion) of a planet or other astronomical object and its gravitational field to alter the velocity of a spacecraft, energy - a measure of the capacity to do work,

H Physics Definitions Unit 1 ODU

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