Node - Intersections where lineages split and indicate evolutionary relationships among the species (signify divergence of two species). , Cladogram - A branching diagram used to illustrate hypothetical relationships among various biological species based on shared characteristics., Phylogenetic Tree - A branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a group of organisms., Systematics - A scientific discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships., Basal taxon - in a specified group of organisms, taxon, whose evolutionary lineage divergent early in the history of the group., Sister taxa - groups of organisms that share immediate common ancestor and hence are each other's closest relatives., Monophyletic group - pertaining to a group of tax that consists of a common ancestor, and all of its descendants a monophyletic taxon is equivalent to a clade., Derived characteristic - new specialized characteristics that appeared and more recent ancestors and define smaller, specific clades., Ancestral characteristic - ancestral features that are inherited from distant ancestors and shared across a wide group., Synapomorphy - A derived trait (apomorphy) shared by two or more taxa, inherited from their most recent common ancestor., Paraphyletic group - pertaining to a group of taxi that consists of a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants., Polyphyletic group - pertaining to a group of toxic that includes distantly related organisms, but does not include the most recent common ancestor., Taxonomy - a scientific discipline concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life., Phylogenetics - the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species., Root - Represents the oldest point in a phylogenetic tree, corresponding to the inferred last common ancestor of all species/taxa included in the tree., Outgroup - a species or a group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is known to have diverged before the lineage that contains the group of species being studied. An out group is selected so that its members are closely related to the group of species being studied, but not as closely related as any study group members are to each other., Parsimony - The hypothesis requiring the fewest evolutionary changes (such as DNA mutations, morphological shifts, or character gains/losses) is most likely to be correct.,

Phylogeny Vocabulary

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