1) Which structure marks the beginning of the lower respiratory tract? a) Nasal cavity b) Pharynx c) Larynx d) Oropharynx e) Trachea 2) The trachea is best described as a structure that: a) Gas exchange b) Produces surfactant c) Conducts air to bronchi d) Regulates blood pH e) Filters air 3) What prevents the trachea from collapsing during breathing? a) Smooth muscle b) Elastic fibers c) C-shaped cartilage rings d) Pleural fluid e) Mucus 4) Which structure divides into the right and left primary bronchi? a) Larynx b) Trachea c) Bronchioles d) Alveoli e) Nasal cavity 5) Which lung has three lobes? a) Left lung b) Right lung c) Both lungs d) Neither lung e) Middle lung 6) Which structure is the primary site of gas exchange? a) Bronchi b) Terminal bronchioles c) Alveoli d) Trachea e) Larynx 7) What type of epithelium lines the alveoli? a) Stratified squamous b) Pseudostratified ciliated c) Simple squamous d) Transitional e) Cuboidal 8) What is the function of surfactant in the lungs? a) Increase mucus b) Prevent infection c) Reduce surface tension d) Transport oxygen e) Filter air 9) Which muscle is the primary muscle of inspiration? a) Internal intercostals b) Abdominal muscles c) Diaphragm d) Sternocleidomastoid e) Pectoralis minor 10) Which structure conducts air but does NOT participate in gas exchange? a) Alveoli b) Respiratory bronchioles c) Trachea d) Alveolar ducts e) Larynx

Lower Respiratory Tract

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