1. The Protestant Ascendancy At the end of the 18th century, Ireland was ruled by a ____ in Dublin that was under the control of Great ____. The Irish parliament was controlled by the ____ Ascendancy, that is, by members of the Church of ____ (or ____ Church) Even though they only made up only 15% of the ____, they owned most of the land of Ireland, which they got during the ____. 2. Catholic and Presbyterian frustration The Protestant ____ used the ____ Laws to maintain its ____ in Ireland. These were laws that ____ against Catholics and ____. Catholics, who formed 75% of the population, lived all over Ireland, but Presbyterians, who formed 10%, lived in ____ Some of the Penal ____ had been ____, but Catholics and Presbyterians still protested about the ____ laws. They also had to pay ____ (10% of their crops) to support the ____ clergy. 3. Poverty in the countryside Most people in Ireland lived in the ____. Most of the people were ____ farmers and landless ____. The population of ____ doubled in the 18th century, so many farms were ____ (families divided their farms amongst their sons). As a result, many people were very badly off and there was a great deal of ____ in the countryside. Rural ____, such as the ____, were formed to ____ against high rents and the tithes. 4. The influence of the American Revolution The ____ fought for their ____ from Britain between 1775 and ____. This was an example for some in ____ who wanted the Irish parliament to have more power. The Irish ____ won the right for the Irish parliament to make its own laws (legislative independence) in ____. 5. The influence of the French Revolution The ____ of the French ____ – liberty, equality and ____ – were popular in Ireland, especially among ____ in Belfast. Some political leaders wanted the French revolutionary principles put into ____ in Ireland. 6. The United Irishmen The Society of the ____ Irishmen was founded in ____ on 18 October 1791. They wanted to reduce English ____ in Ireland. To do that they sought the ‘reform of the ____ of the people [____] in Parliament’, so that more people could vote to ____ their representatives. They wanted to include ‘Irishmen of every religious persuasion [____]’, including ____, in that reform.

Causes of the 1798 Rebellion

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